這篇2013年研究生考試英語(yǔ)試題及答案的文章，是特地為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD
【答案詳解】
1. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 本題考察邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析] 因?yàn)榭疾爝壿嬯P(guān)系，所以需要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不太可能馬上出現(xiàn))，而文章之前的信息都是在說(shuō)我們可能馬上就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進(jìn) C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對(duì)比
2. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句是說(shuō)這種形式的社會(huì)并沒(méi)有真正有成果出來(lái)，所以前一句應(yīng)該為這樣的預(yù)測(cè)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了二十年。其它選項(xiàng)不符合題意。
3. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測(cè)電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語(yǔ)義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)roles, 因?yàn)槭墙疱X的作用不止一個(gè)，故答案選B。
4. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句的”revolutionize”(變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D.reverse (*)符合。A. reward 獎(jiǎng)賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。
5. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就預(yù)測(cè)了無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能即將到來(lái)，而作者談到實(shí)際上“真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)馬上到來(lái)”，因此這種無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)只可能緩慢到來(lái)，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。
6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對(duì)上一段的讓步關(guān)系，上一段的觀點(diǎn)為人們進(jìn)入無(wú)現(xiàn)金時(shí)代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應(yīng)該是說(shuō)明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個(gè)方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會(huì)”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對(duì)…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對(duì)…起作用，都不合適。
7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]本填空所在句為對(duì)紙幣支付“不會(huì)”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項(xiàng)先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構(gòu)的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語(yǔ)義，只能選擇消極含義的選項(xiàng)expensive。
8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，C, D是比較恰當(dāng)?shù)模俳Y(jié)合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)該選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項(xiàng)。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)當(dāng)然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復(fù)印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實(shí)際生活不符合。
10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析]該動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，肯定是消費(fèi)者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢(shì)相搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來(lái)，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，符合語(yǔ)境，為正確答案。
11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本句是來(lái)解釋 “float”的?？崭袂懊嬉鉃椤靶枰◣滋臁焙蟀刖湟鉃榧堉眱冬F(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會(huì)馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時(shí)間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語(yǔ)境。
12. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時(shí)的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動(dòng)”帶來(lái)有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€(gè)因?yàn)殛P(guān)系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因?yàn)椤?。D .Though “然而”。根據(jù)上下文含義，應(yīng)選C.
14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 此處是一個(gè)短句，明顯缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通過(guò)最后一個(gè)單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問(wèn)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有raise和concerns搭配時(shí)符合文意。所以選C。
15. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 后置定語(yǔ)
[選項(xiàng)分析]存儲(chǔ)信息是通常有固定的動(dòng)詞store。所以選C。
16. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因?yàn)檫@種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應(yīng)為普遍的，但因?yàn)楸揪溆玫碾p重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項(xiàng)符合本句話意思。
17. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項(xiàng)。故選[A]。
18. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] B
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上文提出電子支票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusitification“理由，辯護(hù)”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只有B符合。
19. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 動(dòng)詞固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)“應(yīng)對(duì)”安全問(wèn)題含義的動(dòng)詞詞組，所以可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，B是“對(duì)抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應(yīng)對(duì)”，所以A項(xiàng)是答案。
20. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[考點(diǎn)分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的信息。根據(jù)文意可以排除A 項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)，C path “小路，道路,強(qiáng)調(diào)路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
【答案】
【答案詳解】
21.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： A
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最后兩句“…a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”， 說(shuō)如自動(dòng)化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個(gè)員工“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機(jī)器的?！苯陙?lái)考研閱讀常常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要談?wù)摰闹黝}。因此，我們?cè)倮^續(xù)看第二段內(nèi)容。第二段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進(jìn)步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入下降的主要原因。因此選擇答案A。選項(xiàng)B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}向左;選項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)代紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，望文生義;選項(xiàng)D中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少的原因。
22. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： D
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們?cè)诟髯缘墓蛡蚴袌?chǎng)上脫穎而出?！?stand out與題干中的successful同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，題干中問(wèn)我們?yōu)榱顺蔀槌晒Φ墓蛦T，他必須怎么做。答案D中的contribute something unique是對(duì)their unique value contribution的同義改寫，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與文章內(nèi)容不相符合。選項(xiàng)A，work on cheap software繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的軟件;選項(xiàng)B，ask for a moderate salary索要適當(dāng)?shù)男剿?選項(xiàng)C，adopt an average lifestyle選擇一般的生活方式。
23. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解能力。此類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 4”，“quotation”即為定位信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2009年之前的十年內(nèi)，美國(guó)工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過(guò)去70年新增的工人數(shù)量;大概每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消失了，總共約有600萬(wàn)之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為裁員，且速度很快，這符合B項(xiàng)工作機(jī)會(huì)急速消失，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。AC兩項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提到，D項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)互為相反項(xiàng)，結(jié)合文章來(lái)看工作機(jī)會(huì)在消失而不是出現(xiàn)了新的工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
24. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和對(duì)文章的理解。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示“unemployment”，結(jié)合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Here are the latest unemployment rates from…”下面是美國(guó)勞工局對(duì)美國(guó)25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒(méi)有的失業(yè)率為13.8%;有高中學(xué)歷，但沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%;有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%;有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受教育程度相關(guān)。因此如果想要減少失業(yè)率，最重要的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)B“確保更多的人受到教育”。ACD項(xiàng)均和文章不符。
25. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C
考點(diǎn)分析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是全文主旨?？梢愿鶕?jù)文章中的主要內(nèi)容作答，亦可以根據(jù)以上題目的共同焦點(diǎn)作答。
選項(xiàng)分析：文章第一段通過(guò)一個(gè)笑話指出現(xiàn)代化社會(huì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步程度，使得勞動(dòng)力大大減少。其余各段進(jìn)一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個(gè)追求平庸的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，人們需要提高自身教育水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最后一段第一句話再次強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)平庸時(shí)代已經(jīng)正式結(jié)束了。因此選項(xiàng)C為最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。A項(xiàng)“新的法律要實(shí)施”僅在最后一段提到一句，不能涵蓋文章主旨。B項(xiàng)“科技走向廉價(jià)”不符合文意。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有害”與文章無(wú)關(guān)。
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD
【答案詳解】
1. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 本題考察邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析] 因?yàn)榭疾爝壿嬯P(guān)系，所以需要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不太可能馬上出現(xiàn))，而文章之前的信息都是在說(shuō)我們可能馬上就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進(jìn) C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對(duì)比
2. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句是說(shuō)這種形式的社會(huì)并沒(méi)有真正有成果出來(lái)，所以前一句應(yīng)該為這樣的預(yù)測(cè)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了二十年。其它選項(xiàng)不符合題意。
3. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測(cè)電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語(yǔ)義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)roles, 因?yàn)槭墙疱X的作用不止一個(gè)，故答案選B。
4. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句的”revolutionize”(變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D.reverse (*)符合。A. reward 獎(jiǎng)賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。
5. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就預(yù)測(cè)了無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能即將到來(lái)，而作者談到實(shí)際上“真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)馬上到來(lái)”，因此這種無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)只可能緩慢到來(lái)，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。
6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對(duì)上一段的讓步關(guān)系，上一段的觀點(diǎn)為人們進(jìn)入無(wú)現(xiàn)金時(shí)代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應(yīng)該是說(shuō)明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個(gè)方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會(huì)”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對(duì)…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對(duì)…起作用，都不合適。
7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]本填空所在句為對(duì)紙幣支付“不會(huì)”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項(xiàng)先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構(gòu)的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語(yǔ)義，只能選擇消極含義的選項(xiàng)expensive。
8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，C, D是比較恰當(dāng)?shù)模俳Y(jié)合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)該選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項(xiàng)。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)當(dāng)然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復(fù)印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實(shí)際生活不符合。
10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析]該動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，肯定是消費(fèi)者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢(shì)相搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來(lái)，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，符合語(yǔ)境，為正確答案。
11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本句是來(lái)解釋 “float”的?？崭袂懊嬉鉃椤靶枰◣滋臁焙蟀刖湟鉃榧堉眱冬F(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會(huì)馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時(shí)間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語(yǔ)境。
12. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時(shí)的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動(dòng)”帶來(lái)有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€(gè)因?yàn)殛P(guān)系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因?yàn)椤?。D .Though “然而”。根據(jù)上下文含義，應(yīng)選C.
14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 此處是一個(gè)短句，明顯缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通過(guò)最后一個(gè)單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問(wèn)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有raise和concerns搭配時(shí)符合文意。所以選C。
15. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 后置定語(yǔ)
[選項(xiàng)分析]存儲(chǔ)信息是通常有固定的動(dòng)詞store。所以選C。
16. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因?yàn)檫@種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應(yīng)為普遍的，但因?yàn)楸揪溆玫碾p重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項(xiàng)符合本句話意思。
17. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項(xiàng)。故選[A]。
18. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] B
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上文提出電子支票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusitification“理由，辯護(hù)”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只有B符合。
19. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點(diǎn)分析] 動(dòng)詞固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)“應(yīng)對(duì)”安全問(wèn)題含義的動(dòng)詞詞組，所以可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，B是“對(duì)抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應(yīng)對(duì)”，所以A項(xiàng)是答案。
20. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[選項(xiàng)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[考點(diǎn)分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的信息。根據(jù)文意可以排除A 項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)，C path “小路，道路,強(qiáng)調(diào)路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
【答案】
【答案詳解】
21.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： A
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最后兩句“…a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”， 說(shuō)如自動(dòng)化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個(gè)員工“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機(jī)器的?！苯陙?lái)考研閱讀常常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要談?wù)摰闹黝}。因此，我們?cè)倮^續(xù)看第二段內(nèi)容。第二段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進(jìn)步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入下降的主要原因。因此選擇答案A。選項(xiàng)B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}向左;選項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)代紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，望文生義;選項(xiàng)D中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少的原因。
22. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： D
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們?cè)诟髯缘墓蛡蚴袌?chǎng)上脫穎而出?！?stand out與題干中的successful同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，題干中問(wèn)我們?yōu)榱顺蔀槌晒Φ墓蛦T，他必須怎么做。答案D中的contribute something unique是對(duì)their unique value contribution的同義改寫，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與文章內(nèi)容不相符合。選項(xiàng)A，work on cheap software繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的軟件;選項(xiàng)B，ask for a moderate salary索要適當(dāng)?shù)男剿?選項(xiàng)C，adopt an average lifestyle選擇一般的生活方式。
23. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解能力。此類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 4”，“quotation”即為定位信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2009年之前的十年內(nèi)，美國(guó)工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過(guò)去70年新增的工人數(shù)量;大概每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消失了，總共約有600萬(wàn)之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為裁員，且速度很快，這符合B項(xiàng)工作機(jī)會(huì)急速消失，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。AC兩項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提到，D項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)互為相反項(xiàng)，結(jié)合文章來(lái)看工作機(jī)會(huì)在消失而不是出現(xiàn)了新的工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
24. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和對(duì)文章的理解。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示“unemployment”，結(jié)合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Here are the latest unemployment rates from…”下面是美國(guó)勞工局對(duì)美國(guó)25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒(méi)有的失業(yè)率為13.8%;有高中學(xué)歷，但沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%;有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%;有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受教育程度相關(guān)。因此如果想要減少失業(yè)率，最重要的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)B“確保更多的人受到教育”。ACD項(xiàng)均和文章不符。
25. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C
考點(diǎn)分析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是全文主旨?？梢愿鶕?jù)文章中的主要內(nèi)容作答，亦可以根據(jù)以上題目的共同焦點(diǎn)作答。
選項(xiàng)分析：文章第一段通過(guò)一個(gè)笑話指出現(xiàn)代化社會(huì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步程度，使得勞動(dòng)力大大減少。其余各段進(jìn)一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個(gè)追求平庸的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，人們需要提高自身教育水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最后一段第一句話再次強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)平庸時(shí)代已經(jīng)正式結(jié)束了。因此選項(xiàng)C為最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。A項(xiàng)“新的法律要實(shí)施”僅在最后一段提到一句，不能涵蓋文章主旨。B項(xiàng)“科技走向廉價(jià)”不符合文意。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有害”與文章無(wú)關(guān)。