2014高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo):動(dòng)詞不定式
一.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:
1. 不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1) 有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
advise |
allow |
cause |
challenge |
command |
compel |
drive驅(qū)使 |
enable |
encourage |
forbid |
force |
impel |
induce |
instruct |
invite |
like/love |
order |
permit |
make |
let |
have |
want |
get |
warn |
persuade |
request |
send |
tell |
train |
urge |
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠!?BR> The officer ordered his men to fire. 長(zhǎng)官命令士兵開(kāi)火。
注意:有些動(dòng)詞如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做賓補(bǔ),也可用分詞作賓補(bǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng),也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) 有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式的動(dòng)詞往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider |
find |
believe |
think |
declare |
appoint |
guess |
fancy(設(shè)想) |
guess |
judge |
imagine |
know |
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我們知道他是個(gè)笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:C. 一般沒(méi)有consider+賓語(yǔ)+be以外不定式的結(jié)構(gòu),也沒(méi)有consider+賓語(yǔ)+doing的結(jié)構(gòu),排除A、B、D。consider用動(dòng)詞be以外的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),一般要求用不定式的完成式,故選C。
3) 有些動(dòng)詞可以跟there +to be的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
believe |
expect |
intend |
like |
love |
prefer |
want |
wish |
understand |
mean |
例如:
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想讓另外一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生吧。
2. 不定式作主語(yǔ)
不定式作主語(yǔ),往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用車(chē)的時(shí)候,鎖車(chē)是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西,這顯得太自私了。
但是,用不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中還有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,這樣的句子,不能用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)。

