2014高考英語復習指導:動詞不定式
一.相關知識點精講:
1. 不定式作補語
1) 有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結構。例如:
advise |
allow |
cause |
challenge |
command |
compel |
drive驅使 |
enable |
encourage |
forbid |
force |
impel |
induce |
instruct |
invite |
like/love |
order |
permit |
make |
let |
have |
want |
get |
warn |
persuade |
request |
send |
tell |
train |
urge |
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 長官命令士兵開火。
注意:有些動詞如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做賓補,也可用分詞作賓補?,F在分詞表達主動,也表達正在進行,過去分詞表達被動。
2) 有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結構,不定式的動詞往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider |
find |
believe |
think |
declare |
appoint |
guess |
fancy(設想) |
guess |
judge |
imagine |
know |
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我們知道他是個笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:C. 一般沒有consider+賓語+be以外不定式的結構,也沒有consider+賓語+doing的結構,排除A、B、D。consider用動詞be以外的不定式作賓補時,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故選C。
3) 有些動詞可以跟there +to be的結構。例如:
believe |
expect |
intend |
like |
love |
prefer |
want |
wish |
understand |
mean |
例如:
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想讓另外一場戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生吧。
2. 不定式作主語
不定式作主語,往往用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西,這顯得太自私了。
但是,用不定式作主語的句子中還有一個不定式作表語時,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,這樣的句子,不能用動名詞作表語。