Welcome to As It Is from VOA Learning English. Today, we hear about China's economy. Growth in China is heavily led by exports. Now, other considerations, including the level of consumer spending, could also be influencing China's numbers.
But first, we hear about new developments in relations between mainland the two sides. Christopher Cruise has this report.
A Meeting Almost Impossible to Imagine
Top officials from China and Taiwan held historic talks last week for the first time in 65 years. These talks opened a new chapter in relations between China and Taiwan.
Wang Yu-chi, head of Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council and Zhang Zhijun, head of China's Taiwan Affairs Office, met officially in Nanjing. Both men expressed surprise that they were able to hold official meetings in the first place. They were also surprised that the talks were organized in only four months.
China and Taiwan share a very complex past. The two still do not officially recognize each other. China's Zhang Zhijun says relations between China and Taiwan need imagination to move forward.
Mr. Zhang says that in the past this meeting would be impossible to imagine. He adds that both sides must use imaginative ways to resolve problems that still exist between the two sides.
Taiwan's Mr. Wang says these talks gave the two Asian rivals an opportunity to speak openly about difficult issues.
Mr. Wang says the meeting has improved relations. He adds that it is not easy to discuss the long-standing problems between the two. But he adds that these talks will move relations between China and Taiwan forward.
An imaginative solution can be as simple as location. Joseph Cheng is a political scientist. He explains the importance of holding the talks in Nanjing.
"The nationalist government first established the capital in Nanjing, so this is much more acceptable from Taipei's point of view, and certainly one can refer to the fond memories of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing.
Mr. Cheng adds that meeting in Nanjing instead of Beijing is good for Taipei.
"Being able to avoid Beijing is a very, very small victory on the part of Taipei."
During the visit Mr. Wang visited the burial site of Sun Yet-se, the founder of modern China. At the burial site, he also praised Taiwan's democratic successes. Mr. Wang visited the former presidential office of Chiang Kai-shek. This former office is now a museum of modern Chinese history.
The talks between Chinese and Taiwanese officials produced no formal agreements. But the talks laid the groundwork for future communication between the two. Mr. Wang invited Mr. Zhang to visit Taiwan in the near future. Mr. Zhang expressed his desire to visit Taiwan as soon as the time was appropriate. But that date has not been set.
I'm Christopher Cruise.
You are listening to As It Is. I'm Mario Ritter.
Why the Chinese Economy Could Slow This Year
China's economic growth has slowed, settling at 7.7 percent last year. Some economists blame a lack of consumer spending for the decrease. Steve Ember has this report on China's economy.
Ma Jiantang is director of China's National Bureau of Statistics. He says it is no easy job to keep growth at over seven percent and inflation low at the same time. That is made more difficult by the size and nature of China's economy, the world's second largest. Mr. Ma says this combination, of high growth and limited inflation, is unusual in the world.
Click to enlarge--A truck transporting a container leaves the port of Qingdao, in northeast China.China's economy had 10 percent growth rates in the years before the world financial crisis of 2008. That economic expansion resulted from big trade surpluses and foreign investment. Now, says Ma Jiantang, China is seeking to move away from that growth model. The country is working to balance exports with demand at home.
Recently released information shows that household spending in China remains lower than in most economies. Chinese government estimates put household spending at about 36 percent of all goods and services produced within the country. That is down from 49 percent in 1978. By comparison, Thailand's household spending represents 56 percent of its economy.
Some experts dispute the belief that China's personal consumption is so low. They say businesses often buy goods for their employees to avoid taxes. This means companies are increasing demand for household goods by buying them directly.
Click to enlarge--China GDP growth, 2010 - 2013Chinese officials say they want to reduce the economic influence of state-controlled businesses and to let market forces shape the economy. However, economists expect China's growth to slow in the coming years. How quickly that happens depends on several issues.
The recovery of the United States and European economies means rising demand for Chinese exports. One issue that might slow growth is the expanding load of local government debt. That debt is estimated at about $3 trillion, or about one third of the size of the economy. China has long tied its estimate of local officials on their ability to grow the economy.
Reforms are possible, but some could slow economic growth. The government is moving away from growth to areas such as environmental protection and the ability of local officials to contain debt. Experts say that could also weaken investment and slow growth.
Thank you for joining us today. We bring you a new As It Is every day at 0030 hours Universal time. I'm Mario Ritter from Washington.
Tell us what you want to hear about. Go to our website, 51voa.com and click on "Contact US."
You can also follows us on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
And listen to VOA world news at the beginning of every hour Universal Time. 如果說(shuō)我確實(shí)有所成就的話，那也只是因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信不斷嘗試就會(huì)成功。遇到挫折時(shí)，你可以暫時(shí)把問(wèn)題放一放，一味糾結(jié)不僅無(wú)濟(jì)于事，有時(shí)反倒使情況更糟。先去讀一本好書、見見久未謀面的好友或去戶外騎游一番;再回頭看待問(wèn)題，你或許會(huì)感到柳暗花明。這樣做后，別忘了多加反?。骸盀槭裁催@個(gè)方法會(huì)奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”看你定的是什么目標(biāo)，這種方法可以被反復(fù)有效應(yīng)用。如果你堅(jiān)定不移地持續(xù)提升自己，后成功肯定非你莫屬。孜孜不倦向來(lái)無(wú)敵。
譯文及詳解：
如果說(shuō)我確實(shí)有所成就的話，那也只是因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信不斷嘗試就會(huì)成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.
翻譯這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到漢語(yǔ)“如果說(shuō)......”可能會(huì)一下頭腦暈掉，不知道怎么來(lái)翻譯，但換一個(gè)方式，不用if等其它表示如果的單詞或詞組，也不失為一種迂回翻譯的好方法哦。
注意：
我堅(jiān)信： I am a firm believer (漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞翻譯成英文成了“形容詞+名詞”的形式，親，你翻譯的時(shí)候會(huì)不會(huì)這么做呢?)
遇到挫折時(shí)，你可以暫時(shí)把問(wèn)題放一放，一味糾結(jié)不僅無(wú)濟(jì)于事，有時(shí)反倒使情況更糟。
If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).
遇到挫折：fail insomething
暫時(shí)：for a day or two(for a day or two有時(shí)并不僅僅指一兩天，還可以表示暫時(shí)哦)
糾結(jié)：agonizing over theproblem
先去讀一本好書、見見久未謀面的好友或去戶外騎游一番;再回頭看待問(wèn)題，你或許會(huì)感到柳暗花明。
Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.
柳暗花明：a fresh perspective(將漢語(yǔ)里的成語(yǔ)翻譯成英文，很多時(shí)候都找不到固定的英語(yǔ)翻譯，我們就可以根據(jù)意思，用自己熟悉的單詞或詞組來(lái)表示它的意思，只要保證意思不變就可以哦)
戶外騎游：go on anature hike
這樣做后，別忘了多加反?。骸盀槭裁催@個(gè)方法會(huì)奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”
After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”
奏效：work out
看你定的是什么目標(biāo)，這種方法可以被反復(fù)有效應(yīng)用。如果你堅(jiān)定不移地持續(xù)提升自己，后成功肯定非你莫屬。孜孜不倦向來(lái)無(wú)敵。
This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.
后這句翻譯，用but把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)句子銜接起來(lái)，不失為一種極好的銜接方式。而且大家注意下我已經(jīng)標(biāo)紅的very well could repeat，本來(lái)可以是could repeat very well，但very well放到前面更地道，大家平時(shí)可以多看一些翻譯資料，多多積累，自然就會(huì)翻譯出地道的英文咯~
2.翻譯原文：
和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭， 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要 得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。
我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締 造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。
我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、 合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大 家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。
[本題答案]
譯文及詳解：
和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭， 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平穩(wěn)定”固定說(shuō)法：peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締 造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原則”固定說(shuō)法：the purposes and principles
我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、 合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大 家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“國(guó)際社會(huì)”固定說(shuō)法：international community
But first, we hear about new developments in relations between mainland the two sides. Christopher Cruise has this report.
A Meeting Almost Impossible to Imagine
Top officials from China and Taiwan held historic talks last week for the first time in 65 years. These talks opened a new chapter in relations between China and Taiwan.
Wang Yu-chi, head of Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council and Zhang Zhijun, head of China's Taiwan Affairs Office, met officially in Nanjing. Both men expressed surprise that they were able to hold official meetings in the first place. They were also surprised that the talks were organized in only four months.
China and Taiwan share a very complex past. The two still do not officially recognize each other. China's Zhang Zhijun says relations between China and Taiwan need imagination to move forward.
Mr. Zhang says that in the past this meeting would be impossible to imagine. He adds that both sides must use imaginative ways to resolve problems that still exist between the two sides.
Taiwan's Mr. Wang says these talks gave the two Asian rivals an opportunity to speak openly about difficult issues.
Mr. Wang says the meeting has improved relations. He adds that it is not easy to discuss the long-standing problems between the two. But he adds that these talks will move relations between China and Taiwan forward.
An imaginative solution can be as simple as location. Joseph Cheng is a political scientist. He explains the importance of holding the talks in Nanjing.
"The nationalist government first established the capital in Nanjing, so this is much more acceptable from Taipei's point of view, and certainly one can refer to the fond memories of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing.
Mr. Cheng adds that meeting in Nanjing instead of Beijing is good for Taipei.
"Being able to avoid Beijing is a very, very small victory on the part of Taipei."
During the visit Mr. Wang visited the burial site of Sun Yet-se, the founder of modern China. At the burial site, he also praised Taiwan's democratic successes. Mr. Wang visited the former presidential office of Chiang Kai-shek. This former office is now a museum of modern Chinese history.
The talks between Chinese and Taiwanese officials produced no formal agreements. But the talks laid the groundwork for future communication between the two. Mr. Wang invited Mr. Zhang to visit Taiwan in the near future. Mr. Zhang expressed his desire to visit Taiwan as soon as the time was appropriate. But that date has not been set.
I'm Christopher Cruise.
You are listening to As It Is. I'm Mario Ritter.
Why the Chinese Economy Could Slow This Year
China's economic growth has slowed, settling at 7.7 percent last year. Some economists blame a lack of consumer spending for the decrease. Steve Ember has this report on China's economy.
Ma Jiantang is director of China's National Bureau of Statistics. He says it is no easy job to keep growth at over seven percent and inflation low at the same time. That is made more difficult by the size and nature of China's economy, the world's second largest. Mr. Ma says this combination, of high growth and limited inflation, is unusual in the world.
Click to enlarge--A truck transporting a container leaves the port of Qingdao, in northeast China.China's economy had 10 percent growth rates in the years before the world financial crisis of 2008. That economic expansion resulted from big trade surpluses and foreign investment. Now, says Ma Jiantang, China is seeking to move away from that growth model. The country is working to balance exports with demand at home.
Recently released information shows that household spending in China remains lower than in most economies. Chinese government estimates put household spending at about 36 percent of all goods and services produced within the country. That is down from 49 percent in 1978. By comparison, Thailand's household spending represents 56 percent of its economy.
Some experts dispute the belief that China's personal consumption is so low. They say businesses often buy goods for their employees to avoid taxes. This means companies are increasing demand for household goods by buying them directly.
Click to enlarge--China GDP growth, 2010 - 2013Chinese officials say they want to reduce the economic influence of state-controlled businesses and to let market forces shape the economy. However, economists expect China's growth to slow in the coming years. How quickly that happens depends on several issues.
The recovery of the United States and European economies means rising demand for Chinese exports. One issue that might slow growth is the expanding load of local government debt. That debt is estimated at about $3 trillion, or about one third of the size of the economy. China has long tied its estimate of local officials on their ability to grow the economy.
Reforms are possible, but some could slow economic growth. The government is moving away from growth to areas such as environmental protection and the ability of local officials to contain debt. Experts say that could also weaken investment and slow growth.
Thank you for joining us today. We bring you a new As It Is every day at 0030 hours Universal time. I'm Mario Ritter from Washington.
Tell us what you want to hear about. Go to our website, 51voa.com and click on "Contact US."
You can also follows us on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
And listen to VOA world news at the beginning of every hour Universal Time. 如果說(shuō)我確實(shí)有所成就的話，那也只是因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信不斷嘗試就會(huì)成功。遇到挫折時(shí)，你可以暫時(shí)把問(wèn)題放一放，一味糾結(jié)不僅無(wú)濟(jì)于事，有時(shí)反倒使情況更糟。先去讀一本好書、見見久未謀面的好友或去戶外騎游一番;再回頭看待問(wèn)題，你或許會(huì)感到柳暗花明。這樣做后，別忘了多加反?。骸盀槭裁催@個(gè)方法會(huì)奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”看你定的是什么目標(biāo)，這種方法可以被反復(fù)有效應(yīng)用。如果你堅(jiān)定不移地持續(xù)提升自己，后成功肯定非你莫屬。孜孜不倦向來(lái)無(wú)敵。
譯文及詳解：
如果說(shuō)我確實(shí)有所成就的話，那也只是因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信不斷嘗試就會(huì)成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.
翻譯這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到漢語(yǔ)“如果說(shuō)......”可能會(huì)一下頭腦暈掉，不知道怎么來(lái)翻譯，但換一個(gè)方式，不用if等其它表示如果的單詞或詞組，也不失為一種迂回翻譯的好方法哦。
注意：
我堅(jiān)信： I am a firm believer (漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞翻譯成英文成了“形容詞+名詞”的形式，親，你翻譯的時(shí)候會(huì)不會(huì)這么做呢?)
遇到挫折時(shí)，你可以暫時(shí)把問(wèn)題放一放，一味糾結(jié)不僅無(wú)濟(jì)于事，有時(shí)反倒使情況更糟。
If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).
遇到挫折：fail insomething
暫時(shí)：for a day or two(for a day or two有時(shí)并不僅僅指一兩天，還可以表示暫時(shí)哦)
糾結(jié)：agonizing over theproblem
先去讀一本好書、見見久未謀面的好友或去戶外騎游一番;再回頭看待問(wèn)題，你或許會(huì)感到柳暗花明。
Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.
柳暗花明：a fresh perspective(將漢語(yǔ)里的成語(yǔ)翻譯成英文，很多時(shí)候都找不到固定的英語(yǔ)翻譯，我們就可以根據(jù)意思，用自己熟悉的單詞或詞組來(lái)表示它的意思，只要保證意思不變就可以哦)
戶外騎游：go on anature hike
這樣做后，別忘了多加反?。骸盀槭裁催@個(gè)方法會(huì)奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”
After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”
奏效：work out
看你定的是什么目標(biāo)，這種方法可以被反復(fù)有效應(yīng)用。如果你堅(jiān)定不移地持續(xù)提升自己，后成功肯定非你莫屬。孜孜不倦向來(lái)無(wú)敵。
This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.
后這句翻譯，用but把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)句子銜接起來(lái)，不失為一種極好的銜接方式。而且大家注意下我已經(jīng)標(biāo)紅的very well could repeat，本來(lái)可以是could repeat very well，但very well放到前面更地道，大家平時(shí)可以多看一些翻譯資料，多多積累，自然就會(huì)翻譯出地道的英文咯~
2.翻譯原文：
和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭， 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要 得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。
我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締 造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。
我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、 合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大 家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。
[本題答案]
譯文及詳解：
和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭， 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平穩(wěn)定”固定說(shuō)法：peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締 造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原則”固定說(shuō)法：the purposes and principles
我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、 合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大 家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“國(guó)際社會(huì)”固定說(shuō)法：international community
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