課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．my four-year-old daughter，我那4歲的女兒。
four-year-old 是名詞 daughter的定語。各詞用連字符連在一起，構成一個復合形容詞。注意在這個復合詞中僅用 year，而不用復數(shù)：
a thirteen-year-old girl 一個13歲的姑娘
2．… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……薩莉被邀請去參加一個兒童聚會。
這是一個被動語態(tài)的例子。在英文中，如果想避免用含混不清的詞（如 someone等）作主語，常?？墒褂帽粍釉~態(tài)。（具體請參見本課語法部分。）被動語態(tài)由相應的be動詞加上過去分詞構成：
It is repaired regularly.
它定期修理。
They are corrected regularly.
它們得到了定期校正。
He was met at the station this morning.
今早有人在車站接他。
3．a middle-aged lady，一位中年女士。
middle-aged是一個復合形容詞，由名詞+過去分詞構成。又如：
hand-made手工制作的
4．opposite Sally，在薩莉的對面。
這是介詞短語，作狀語，表示sat的具體情況。
5．take out，拿出。
6．make up her face，往她的臉上施脂粉。
make up意為“化妝”、“打扮”（指擦胭脂、抹粉）。
7．To make myself beautiful …
把自己打扮漂亮……
這是一個省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下這個作目的狀語的動詞不定式短語。
8．put away，收拾好，儲存?zhèn)溆谩?BR> 語法 Grammar in use
被動語態(tài)（1）
英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。在主動句中，動詞的主語是執(zhí)行動作的人或物。在被動句中，主語是動作的承受者。
在英語中被動詞態(tài)用得很普遍，這樣做可以避免用不明確的詞作主語，或是將說話的重點放在事件而不是造成該事件的人或物上。
被動語態(tài)的構成： be +過去分詞。
過去分詞不一定指過去。請看例句：
（1）一般現(xiàn)在時形式： am/are/is +過去分詞：
The room is aired regularly.
這個房間定期通風。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
（2）一般過去時形式： was/were +過去分詞：
She was dressed in red.
她身穿紅色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗戶今早是開著的／被打開了。
（3）英語中表達感情的動詞通常可用于被動式，這些動詞如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：
She is embarrassed.
她感到尷尬。
They were worried.
他們感到擔憂。
詞匯學習 Word study
1．embarrassed adj.
（1）尷尬的；局促不安的：
He felt so embarrassed at that moment.
在那一刻，他感到如此尷尬。
The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.
在如此之多的陌生人面前講話，那個女孩子很是局促不安。
（2）陷入困境的；拮據的：
He was financially embarrassed.
他經濟上陷入了困境。
He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.
他說他目前手頭緊，但下個月就可以付錢給你。
2．curiously adv.
（1）好奇地：
The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.
那個小男孩好奇地看著他媽媽打開盒子。
（2）過于好奇地：
She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.
她抑制不住好奇心，拆開了別人寫給她丈夫的信。
3．kindly adv.
（1）和藹地；親切地：
He treats the children kindly.
他待孩子們和藹而仁慈。
The old man greeted us kindly.
那位老人親切地招呼我們。
（2）請（=please，有時表示客氣，有時表示不滿等）：
Will you kindly leave the room?
請你離開這房間好嗎？
Kindly acknowledge this letter.
此信收到后請告知。
（3）樂意地；感謝地：
He never takes criticism kindly.
他從不樂于接受批評。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 142
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.
練習答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 142
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.
1．my four-year-old daughter，我那4歲的女兒。
four-year-old 是名詞 daughter的定語。各詞用連字符連在一起，構成一個復合形容詞。注意在這個復合詞中僅用 year，而不用復數(shù)：
a thirteen-year-old girl 一個13歲的姑娘
2．… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……薩莉被邀請去參加一個兒童聚會。
這是一個被動語態(tài)的例子。在英文中，如果想避免用含混不清的詞（如 someone等）作主語，常?？墒褂帽粍釉~態(tài)。（具體請參見本課語法部分。）被動語態(tài)由相應的be動詞加上過去分詞構成：
It is repaired regularly.
它定期修理。
They are corrected regularly.
它們得到了定期校正。
He was met at the station this morning.
今早有人在車站接他。
3．a middle-aged lady，一位中年女士。
middle-aged是一個復合形容詞，由名詞+過去分詞構成。又如：
hand-made手工制作的
4．opposite Sally，在薩莉的對面。
這是介詞短語，作狀語，表示sat的具體情況。
5．take out，拿出。
6．make up her face，往她的臉上施脂粉。
make up意為“化妝”、“打扮”（指擦胭脂、抹粉）。
7．To make myself beautiful …
把自己打扮漂亮……
這是一個省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下這個作目的狀語的動詞不定式短語。
8．put away，收拾好，儲存?zhèn)溆谩?BR> 語法 Grammar in use
被動語態(tài)（1）
英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。在主動句中，動詞的主語是執(zhí)行動作的人或物。在被動句中，主語是動作的承受者。
在英語中被動詞態(tài)用得很普遍，這樣做可以避免用不明確的詞作主語，或是將說話的重點放在事件而不是造成該事件的人或物上。
被動語態(tài)的構成： be +過去分詞。
過去分詞不一定指過去。請看例句：
（1）一般現(xiàn)在時形式： am/are/is +過去分詞：
The room is aired regularly.
這個房間定期通風。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
（2）一般過去時形式： was/were +過去分詞：
She was dressed in red.
她身穿紅色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗戶今早是開著的／被打開了。
（3）英語中表達感情的動詞通常可用于被動式，這些動詞如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：
She is embarrassed.
她感到尷尬。
They were worried.
他們感到擔憂。
詞匯學習 Word study
1．embarrassed adj.
（1）尷尬的；局促不安的：
He felt so embarrassed at that moment.
在那一刻，他感到如此尷尬。
The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.
在如此之多的陌生人面前講話，那個女孩子很是局促不安。
（2）陷入困境的；拮據的：
He was financially embarrassed.
他經濟上陷入了困境。
He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.
他說他目前手頭緊，但下個月就可以付錢給你。
2．curiously adv.
（1）好奇地：
The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.
那個小男孩好奇地看著他媽媽打開盒子。
（2）過于好奇地：
She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.
她抑制不住好奇心，拆開了別人寫給她丈夫的信。
3．kindly adv.
（1）和藹地；親切地：
He treats the children kindly.
他待孩子們和藹而仁慈。
The old man greeted us kindly.
那位老人親切地招呼我們。
（2）請（=please，有時表示客氣，有時表示不滿等）：
Will you kindly leave the room?
請你離開這房間好嗎？
Kindly acknowledge this letter.
此信收到后請告知。
（3）樂意地；感謝地：
He never takes criticism kindly.
他從不樂于接受批評。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 142
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.
練習答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 142
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.