以下是整理的《金融英語口語教程：西方的銀行》，希望大家喜歡！
Banking in the West(1)
西方的銀行（一）
Situation 1
情景 1
Jiro Ito is visiting with his friend ,Bob Jenson ,a banker in New York .
伊滕次郎正與他的朋友鮑勃·詹森閑談。鮑勃是紐約的一位銀行職員。
They are talking about the history of banking in the west .
他們正在談論有關西方銀行的歷史。
Ito:I'm curious about the history of banking in the west ,Bob.Can you tell me something about it ?
伊 滕：我很想知道有關西方銀行史的一些情況。鮑勃，您能給我講一講嗎？
Jensen:Well,Jiro,the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4,000 years ago .
詹 森：好的，次郎。最早的銀行大約是4，000年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans .
實際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進行放款的場所。
I :That surprises me .I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe .
伊 滕：這可真是出乎我的意料之外，我原來一直以為銀行業(yè)務始于歐洲文藝復興時期呢。
J:No ,it was much earlier than that.Actually ,private firms that handled deposits and loans ,
詹 森：不，比那個時期要早多了。實際上，早在公元前6世紀就有了私營的商行。
changed coins and even arranged for credit transactions existed as early as the 6th century B.C.
這些商行從事儲蓄存款和貸款，兌換硬幣以至安排信貸交易。
I:Then ,there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome,too?
伊 滕：當時，古希臘和羅馬也有銀行嗎？
J:Yes ,laws in Both Greece and Rome recognized banks and many bank functions .
詹 森：是的，希臘和羅馬都在法律上承認了銀行和銀行的許多作用。
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance .
直到羅馬帝國崩潰，商貿(mào)業(yè)務衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
I:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?Didn't such laws made it illegal to charge interest on loans?
伊 滕：中世紀時，法律禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？這些法律沒有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
J:Yes,they did ,but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries,
詹 森：規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀時逐步地改變了，
and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France ,Germany and England .
銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時開始出現(xiàn)，后來又顯現(xiàn)在法國、德國和英國。
I:I see .So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance .
伊 滕：我明白了。實際上我們可以說，銀行業(yè)在文藝復興時期又重新開始了。
Banking in the West (2)
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀發(fā)展起來的從事銀行業(yè)務的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個時期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當歐洲從中世紀封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復雜起來了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個興起的，特別是在法國和英國。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地擴展他們的經(jīng)營活動，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當然地他們又開始建立起部分儲備制度，而這一點正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時候開始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個由國家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來。
Banking in the West(1)
西方的銀行（一）
Situation 1
情景 1
Jiro Ito is visiting with his friend ,Bob Jenson ,a banker in New York .
伊滕次郎正與他的朋友鮑勃·詹森閑談。鮑勃是紐約的一位銀行職員。
They are talking about the history of banking in the west .
他們正在談論有關西方銀行的歷史。
Ito:I'm curious about the history of banking in the west ,Bob.Can you tell me something about it ?
伊 滕：我很想知道有關西方銀行史的一些情況。鮑勃，您能給我講一講嗎？
Jensen:Well,Jiro,the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4,000 years ago .
詹 森：好的，次郎。最早的銀行大約是4，000年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans .
實際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進行放款的場所。
I :That surprises me .I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe .
伊 滕：這可真是出乎我的意料之外，我原來一直以為銀行業(yè)務始于歐洲文藝復興時期呢。
J:No ,it was much earlier than that.Actually ,private firms that handled deposits and loans ,
詹 森：不，比那個時期要早多了。實際上，早在公元前6世紀就有了私營的商行。
changed coins and even arranged for credit transactions existed as early as the 6th century B.C.
這些商行從事儲蓄存款和貸款，兌換硬幣以至安排信貸交易。
I:Then ,there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome,too?
伊 滕：當時，古希臘和羅馬也有銀行嗎？
J:Yes ,laws in Both Greece and Rome recognized banks and many bank functions .
詹 森：是的，希臘和羅馬都在法律上承認了銀行和銀行的許多作用。
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance .
直到羅馬帝國崩潰，商貿(mào)業(yè)務衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
I:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?Didn't such laws made it illegal to charge interest on loans?
伊 滕：中世紀時，法律禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？這些法律沒有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
J:Yes,they did ,but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries,
詹 森：規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀時逐步地改變了，
and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France ,Germany and England .
銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時開始出現(xiàn)，后來又顯現(xiàn)在法國、德國和英國。
I:I see .So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance .
伊 滕：我明白了。實際上我們可以說，銀行業(yè)在文藝復興時期又重新開始了。
Banking in the West (2)
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀發(fā)展起來的從事銀行業(yè)務的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個時期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當歐洲從中世紀封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復雜起來了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個興起的，特別是在法國和英國。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地擴展他們的經(jīng)營活動，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當然地他們又開始建立起部分儲備制度，而這一點正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時候開始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個由國家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來。