一． 閱讀技能與試題設(shè)計(jì)
2003年頒布的《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）》明確提出“高中階段要著重提高學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)獲取信息和處理信息，分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力”，這就要求學(xué)生要不斷地提高相應(yīng)的閱讀技能。新課標(biāo)規(guī)定的閱讀技能測(cè)試要點(diǎn)如下：
1． 理解主旨大意；
2． 尋讀具體信息；
3． 理解細(xì)節(jié)；
4． 根據(jù)上下文提供語(yǔ)境推測(cè)生詞詞義，進(jìn)而加深對(duì)文段的理解；
5． 簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理；
6． 理解文段的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)；
7． 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度；
8． 理解文段的文化信息。
測(cè)試方式共有11種，而其中的完形填空也是歷屆高考必有的題型之一，所占分值比例較大，并且由于在試卷中所處的位置較前，因此如何能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)更好的完成這類試題對(duì)考生的影響較大：完形填空做得好，則考生對(duì)后面的試題就越有信心。
二． NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空
NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所給的短文是以作者的父親給他童年生活帶來(lái)的愛(ài)與歡樂(lè)而展開(kāi)的回憶與聯(lián)想。試題原文如下：
In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call __21__and love.
I don’t remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did __22__the water. Any kind of __23__ride seemed to give him pleasure. __24__he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.
But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being __25__the water, moving through it, __26__it all around me. I was not a strong __27__, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my __28__. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father’s office and __29__those summer days with my father, who __30__ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the __31__person not in swimsuit.
After swimming, I would go __32__ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk __34__ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__. But my father always __36__and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s __37__.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get __38__ an ice cream…
A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is __39__.” And I think it is not only what we “l(fā)ook at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but __40__, in that childhood, look at us.
21．A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry
22．A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love
23．A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike
24．A. But B. Then C. And D. Still
25．A. on B. off C. by D. in
26．A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting
27．A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner
28．A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears
29．A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining
30．A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to
31．A. next B. only C. other D. last
32．A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside
33．A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out
34．A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before
35．A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment
36．A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out
37．A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny
38．A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself
39．A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice
40．A. which B. who C. what D. whose
相對(duì)于科技類文章而言，這篇敘述性的完形填空是比較簡(jiǎn)單的，但由于考查的內(nèi)容除對(duì)文章主旨的理解外還涉及到細(xì)節(jié)的判斷和推理，這正是這類題型的難度所在之處。
三． 完形填空解題技巧
現(xiàn)以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空為例，筆者愿與大家一起探討從中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些解題技巧。
（一）前后呼應(yīng)法
做完形填空時(shí)，要始終抓住文章本身，聯(lián)系“雙語(yǔ)境”來(lái)判斷，既大語(yǔ)境——全文中心和基調(diào)，小語(yǔ)境——空格前后句子所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境；再根據(jù)前有伏筆后有呼應(yīng)的思路來(lái)做題。如：
第21題 B，根據(jù)后面作者所回憶的事情來(lái)判斷，他的父親帶給他的應(yīng)是愛(ài)與歡樂(lè)，所以選B:joy ，而其他選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有給出相應(yīng)的事情來(lái)呼應(yīng)。
第22題 D, 由這一段的后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父親喜歡水及一些水上活動(dòng)。因此第23題也就能很快找到正確答案是A: boat。
第30題 B，由后面兩句可得知父親會(huì)在休息時(shí)過(guò)來(lái)看“我”，特別后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同樣這兒用would更合理。
第32題 D，這一段是講作者在游泳后到他父親的辦公室里玩耍。與后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼應(yīng)。
第33題 C，與35題所在的句子“--- perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__.”相呼應(yīng)，因此35題的答案也能從33題“--- where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推斷出是C。
第38題 C，由文章大意可知道父親應(yīng)是十分愛(ài)“我”的，所以有時(shí)還會(huì)給“我”錢(qián)買(mǎi)冰淇淋吃。這是與文章的大語(yǔ)境相呼應(yīng)的。
第39題 A，作者認(rèn)為不僅是我們童年所看到的事物決定了我們的記憶，而且還包括那時(shí)關(guān)愛(ài)我們的人。所以詩(shī)人所說(shuō)的“the rest”就應(yīng)該是memory與下一句的“determines our memories”相呼應(yīng)。
（二）But 轉(zhuǎn)折法
在完形填空題中，but 一詞前后通常會(huì)設(shè)題。文中一出現(xiàn)but，應(yīng)該馬上想到前后語(yǔ)意有轉(zhuǎn)折，只要知道其中一方的語(yǔ)意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做題時(shí)，遇到類似but的詞，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同樣處理，以便于從文中找到解題的依據(jù)。仍舊以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空為例：
第25題 D，由這一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”
第37題 A, 當(dāng)父親的學(xué)生或助手認(rèn)為“我”不應(yīng)該玩他辦公室里的東西時(shí)，父親卻總是輕松地表示沒(méi)有關(guān)系。所以第37題答案很明顯是A : fine。
以下就筆者在2008年第一學(xué)期從事高一英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)踐過(guò)程中遇到的完形填空為例，發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他一些解題技巧。
（三）絕對(duì)矛盾法
絕對(duì)矛盾法是從選項(xiàng)著手分析，若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是絕對(duì)矛盾和對(duì)立，那么正確選項(xiàng)大多在這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)之間產(chǎn)生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是兩者中的哪一個(gè)，則需要進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。例如在《浙江省湖州中學(xué)教學(xué)講義高一英語(yǔ)模塊一、二》（2008，9）第120頁(yè)，完形填空第二段：
Most computers have a memory(存儲(chǔ)器). They can work millions of times ___3____ than man. That means information can be put in ___4____ and be taken out any time when needed.
第3題的選項(xiàng)分別是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster
據(jù)觀察應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，所以先排除A和C，在根據(jù)后面的一句及我們的常識(shí)可知，電腦的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)中，自然就可以很輕松地把正確答案D選出來(lái)了。
2003年頒布的《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）》明確提出“高中階段要著重提高學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)獲取信息和處理信息，分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力”，這就要求學(xué)生要不斷地提高相應(yīng)的閱讀技能。新課標(biāo)規(guī)定的閱讀技能測(cè)試要點(diǎn)如下：
1． 理解主旨大意；
2． 尋讀具體信息；
3． 理解細(xì)節(jié)；
4． 根據(jù)上下文提供語(yǔ)境推測(cè)生詞詞義，進(jìn)而加深對(duì)文段的理解；
5． 簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理；
6． 理解文段的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)；
7． 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度；
8． 理解文段的文化信息。
測(cè)試方式共有11種，而其中的完形填空也是歷屆高考必有的題型之一，所占分值比例較大，并且由于在試卷中所處的位置較前，因此如何能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)更好的完成這類試題對(duì)考生的影響較大：完形填空做得好，則考生對(duì)后面的試題就越有信心。
二． NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空
NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所給的短文是以作者的父親給他童年生活帶來(lái)的愛(ài)與歡樂(lè)而展開(kāi)的回憶與聯(lián)想。試題原文如下：
In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call __21__and love.
I don’t remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did __22__the water. Any kind of __23__ride seemed to give him pleasure. __24__he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.
But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being __25__the water, moving through it, __26__it all around me. I was not a strong __27__, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my __28__. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father’s office and __29__those summer days with my father, who __30__ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the __31__person not in swimsuit.
After swimming, I would go __32__ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk __34__ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__. But my father always __36__and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s __37__.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get __38__ an ice cream…
A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is __39__.” And I think it is not only what we “l(fā)ook at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but __40__, in that childhood, look at us.
21．A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry
22．A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love
23．A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike
24．A. But B. Then C. And D. Still
25．A. on B. off C. by D. in
26．A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting
27．A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner
28．A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears
29．A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining
30．A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to
31．A. next B. only C. other D. last
32．A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside
33．A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out
34．A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before
35．A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment
36．A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out
37．A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny
38．A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself
39．A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice
40．A. which B. who C. what D. whose
相對(duì)于科技類文章而言，這篇敘述性的完形填空是比較簡(jiǎn)單的，但由于考查的內(nèi)容除對(duì)文章主旨的理解外還涉及到細(xì)節(jié)的判斷和推理，這正是這類題型的難度所在之處。
三． 完形填空解題技巧
現(xiàn)以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空為例，筆者愿與大家一起探討從中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些解題技巧。
（一）前后呼應(yīng)法
做完形填空時(shí)，要始終抓住文章本身，聯(lián)系“雙語(yǔ)境”來(lái)判斷，既大語(yǔ)境——全文中心和基調(diào)，小語(yǔ)境——空格前后句子所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境；再根據(jù)前有伏筆后有呼應(yīng)的思路來(lái)做題。如：
第21題 B，根據(jù)后面作者所回憶的事情來(lái)判斷，他的父親帶給他的應(yīng)是愛(ài)與歡樂(lè)，所以選B:joy ，而其他選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有給出相應(yīng)的事情來(lái)呼應(yīng)。
第22題 D, 由這一段的后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父親喜歡水及一些水上活動(dòng)。因此第23題也就能很快找到正確答案是A: boat。
第30題 B，由后面兩句可得知父親會(huì)在休息時(shí)過(guò)來(lái)看“我”，特別后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同樣這兒用would更合理。
第32題 D，這一段是講作者在游泳后到他父親的辦公室里玩耍。與后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼應(yīng)。
第33題 C，與35題所在的句子“--- perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__.”相呼應(yīng)，因此35題的答案也能從33題“--- where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推斷出是C。
第38題 C，由文章大意可知道父親應(yīng)是十分愛(ài)“我”的，所以有時(shí)還會(huì)給“我”錢(qián)買(mǎi)冰淇淋吃。這是與文章的大語(yǔ)境相呼應(yīng)的。
第39題 A，作者認(rèn)為不僅是我們童年所看到的事物決定了我們的記憶，而且還包括那時(shí)關(guān)愛(ài)我們的人。所以詩(shī)人所說(shuō)的“the rest”就應(yīng)該是memory與下一句的“determines our memories”相呼應(yīng)。
（二）But 轉(zhuǎn)折法
在完形填空題中，but 一詞前后通常會(huì)設(shè)題。文中一出現(xiàn)but，應(yīng)該馬上想到前后語(yǔ)意有轉(zhuǎn)折，只要知道其中一方的語(yǔ)意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做題時(shí)，遇到類似but的詞，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同樣處理，以便于從文中找到解題的依據(jù)。仍舊以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空為例：
第25題 D，由這一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”
第37題 A, 當(dāng)父親的學(xué)生或助手認(rèn)為“我”不應(yīng)該玩他辦公室里的東西時(shí)，父親卻總是輕松地表示沒(méi)有關(guān)系。所以第37題答案很明顯是A : fine。
以下就筆者在2008年第一學(xué)期從事高一英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)踐過(guò)程中遇到的完形填空為例，發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他一些解題技巧。
（三）絕對(duì)矛盾法
絕對(duì)矛盾法是從選項(xiàng)著手分析，若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是絕對(duì)矛盾和對(duì)立，那么正確選項(xiàng)大多在這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)之間產(chǎn)生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是兩者中的哪一個(gè)，則需要進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。例如在《浙江省湖州中學(xué)教學(xué)講義高一英語(yǔ)模塊一、二》（2008，9）第120頁(yè)，完形填空第二段：
Most computers have a memory(存儲(chǔ)器). They can work millions of times ___3____ than man. That means information can be put in ___4____ and be taken out any time when needed.
第3題的選項(xiàng)分別是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster
據(jù)觀察應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，所以先排除A和C，在根據(jù)后面的一句及我們的常識(shí)可知，電腦的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)中，自然就可以很輕松地把正確答案D選出來(lái)了。