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Lesson 10 Silicon valley 硅谷
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We're got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.【參考譯文】
技術的發(fā)展趨勢有可能把硅谷重新推向未來?？ǜ?米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 -- 注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。米德預言發(fā)明者可以在辦公室用一個周末的時間生產了完美的、功能很強的、按客戶需求設計的芯片 -- 造就新一代從汽車間起家的技術人員，在把產品推向市場方面使美國把它的外國對手們打個措手不及。 “我們有更多的汽車間，那里有許多聰明人，”米德說?！拔覀兇_實是靠這種無政府狀態(tài)發(fā)展起來的。” 靠的是亞洲人。硅谷許多公司中工程技術人員的大多數是東方人和亞裔美國人。中國、韓國、菲律賓和印度的工程師一批批地從加州的大學畢業(yè)。作為新掘起一代的帶頭人，亞裔發(fā)明家可以憑借他們在習慣和語言上的優(yōu)勢，與關鍵的太平洋沿岸市場建立起更加牢固的聯系。比如說，亞歷克斯.奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學博士，已經在臺灣建廠，對日本在內存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出了挑戰(zhàn)。印度出生的N.達莫達.雷迪經營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。在硅谷變成一個退休村之前，它很可能成為建立全球商業(yè)的一個教學場地。1.silicon n.硅
2.integrated adj.綜合的
3.circuit n.線路，電路
4.California n.加利福尼亞（美國州名）
5.workstation n.工作站
6.chip n.芯片，集成電路片，集成塊
7.newsletter n.時事通訊
8.Macintosh n.蘋果機，一種個人電腦
9.penalize v.處罰，懲罰
10.customize v.按顧客具體需要制造
11.spawn v.引起，釀成
12.thrive v.興旺，繁榮
13.anarchy n.無政府狀態(tài)，混亂
14.oriental n.東方人
15.constitute v.構成
16.drove n.群
17.innovator n.發(fā)明者
18.forge v.發(fā)展
19.memory-chip n.內存條.Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
參考翻譯：卡弗.米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 -- 注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。
講解：note的意思是指出，相當于point out。enable是及物動詞，通常的用法是enable sb to do sth，使某人得以做某事。much the way表示就像……例舉，有點比喻的意思，也可以用just as.
2.As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
參考翻譯：由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。
講解：with和without通常和現在分詞或過去分詞一起表示狀態(tài)。至于后面是用過去分詞還是現在分詞，就看主語和動作之間的關系是主動和是被動。
3. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.
參考翻譯：作為新掘起一代的帶頭人，亞裔發(fā)明家可以憑借他們在習慣和語言上的優(yōu)勢，與關鍵的太平洋沿岸市場建立起更加牢固的聯系。
講解：draw on吸收,利用,引誘
例句：We drew on her experience throughout the project.
我們這一項目自始至終都借重她的經驗。
4.For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
參考翻譯：比如說，亞歷克斯.奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學博士，已經在臺灣建廠，對日本在內存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出了挑戰(zhàn)。
講解：for instance例如,譬如,比如,比方說
例句：Take propaganda work for instance.
就說宣傳工作吧。
For instance, our departments are overstaffed.
比如，我們現在機構臃腫，人浮于事。
set up設立,豎立,架起,升起,裝配,創(chuàng)(紀錄),提出,開業(yè)
例句：I am calling to set up a meeting with Mr. Hammer.
我打電話來是想跟先生約定會面。1.Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology,notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
卡弗.米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。
2.As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars,engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。
3. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
中國、韓國、菲律賓和印度的工程師一批批地從加州的大學畢業(yè)。
4.India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
印度出生的N.達莫達.雷迪經營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。
Lesson 10 Silicon valley 硅谷
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We're got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.【參考譯文】
技術的發(fā)展趨勢有可能把硅谷重新推向未來?？ǜ?米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 -- 注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。米德預言發(fā)明者可以在辦公室用一個周末的時間生產了完美的、功能很強的、按客戶需求設計的芯片 -- 造就新一代從汽車間起家的技術人員，在把產品推向市場方面使美國把它的外國對手們打個措手不及。 “我們有更多的汽車間，那里有許多聰明人，”米德說?！拔覀兇_實是靠這種無政府狀態(tài)發(fā)展起來的。” 靠的是亞洲人。硅谷許多公司中工程技術人員的大多數是東方人和亞裔美國人。中國、韓國、菲律賓和印度的工程師一批批地從加州的大學畢業(yè)。作為新掘起一代的帶頭人，亞裔發(fā)明家可以憑借他們在習慣和語言上的優(yōu)勢，與關鍵的太平洋沿岸市場建立起更加牢固的聯系。比如說，亞歷克斯.奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學博士，已經在臺灣建廠，對日本在內存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出了挑戰(zhàn)。印度出生的N.達莫達.雷迪經營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。在硅谷變成一個退休村之前，它很可能成為建立全球商業(yè)的一個教學場地。1.silicon n.硅
2.integrated adj.綜合的
3.circuit n.線路，電路
4.California n.加利福尼亞（美國州名）
5.workstation n.工作站
6.chip n.芯片，集成電路片，集成塊
7.newsletter n.時事通訊
8.Macintosh n.蘋果機，一種個人電腦
9.penalize v.處罰，懲罰
10.customize v.按顧客具體需要制造
11.spawn v.引起，釀成
12.thrive v.興旺，繁榮
13.anarchy n.無政府狀態(tài)，混亂
14.oriental n.東方人
15.constitute v.構成
16.drove n.群
17.innovator n.發(fā)明者
18.forge v.發(fā)展
19.memory-chip n.內存條.Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
參考翻譯：卡弗.米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 -- 注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。
講解：note的意思是指出，相當于point out。enable是及物動詞，通常的用法是enable sb to do sth，使某人得以做某事。much the way表示就像……例舉，有點比喻的意思，也可以用just as.
2.As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
參考翻譯：由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。
講解：with和without通常和現在分詞或過去分詞一起表示狀態(tài)。至于后面是用過去分詞還是現在分詞，就看主語和動作之間的關系是主動和是被動。
3. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.
參考翻譯：作為新掘起一代的帶頭人，亞裔發(fā)明家可以憑借他們在習慣和語言上的優(yōu)勢，與關鍵的太平洋沿岸市場建立起更加牢固的聯系。
講解：draw on吸收,利用,引誘
例句：We drew on her experience throughout the project.
我們這一項目自始至終都借重她的經驗。
4.For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
參考翻譯：比如說，亞歷克斯.奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學博士，已經在臺灣建廠，對日本在內存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出了挑戰(zhàn)。
講解：for instance例如,譬如,比如,比方說
例句：Take propaganda work for instance.
就說宣傳工作吧。
For instance, our departments are overstaffed.
比如，我們現在機構臃腫，人浮于事。
set up設立,豎立,架起,升起,裝配,創(chuàng)(紀錄),提出,開業(yè)
例句：I am calling to set up a meeting with Mr. Hammer.
我打電話來是想跟先生約定會面。1.Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology,notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
卡弗.米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。
2.As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars,engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。
3. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
中國、韓國、菲律賓和印度的工程師一批批地從加州的大學畢業(yè)。
4.India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
印度出生的N.達莫達.雷迪經營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。