★英語(yǔ)聽力頻道為大家整理的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力mp3下載：樹葉與太陽(yáng)能板，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站英語(yǔ)聽力頻道。
Leaves Inspire Better Solar Panels
What do leaves and solar panels have in common?
Both absorb sunlight and turn it into energy. But while solar panels typically have smooth surfaces, leaves have tiny wrinkles and folds that allow for maximum light absorption.
Recently, scientists took a cue from nature and engineered plastic solar panels with leaf like surfaces. Most flat surfaced solar panels absorb some light and turn about eighteen percent of it into electricity. Panels with ridged surfaces can absorb more light by channeling light waves, thereby significantly increasing their efficiency at converting light into electricity.
Besides making panels more efficient, ridged and wrinkled surfaces could allow solar panels to be made out of bendable plastic instead of silicon. Silicon is naturally better at absorbing light than plastic, but it’s also more expensive and more brittle. Flexible plastic is cheaper and more durable but typically not as good at absorbing light. But with leaf like surfaces, solar panels made from bendable plastic may be able to absorb light just as effectively, if not more so, than regular panels.
Another benefit of the wrinkled surface technique is that it’s especially useful for increasing absorption at the red end of the light spectrum, which has the longest wavelengths. Conventional solar panels typically absorb very little of red and infrared light. But the folding technique increased absorption of this light by nearly 600 percent.
Plastic, leaf like solar panels are not yet ready for widespread use. But they could one day help revolutionize the solar industry by allowing for thin, flexible panels used on windows, clothing, and most flat surfaces.
樹葉與太陽(yáng)能板
樹葉和太陽(yáng)能板有哪些共同之處呢？
它們都能吸收陽(yáng)光并將之轉(zhuǎn)換成能量。但是太陽(yáng)能板的表面一般較為平整，而葉子表面有細(xì)小的紋理和褶皺，這些紋理和褶皺使樹葉能夠限度地吸收陽(yáng)光。
最近，科學(xué)家們受到大自然的啟發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)出一種與樹葉表面結(jié)構(gòu)類似的塑料太陽(yáng)能板。大多數(shù)表面平整的太陽(yáng)能板在吸收陽(yáng)光后僅能將其中的18%轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。而有脊?fàn)畋砻娴奶?yáng)能板可以通過引導(dǎo)光波來吸收更多的陽(yáng)光，因此大大提高了光能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的效率。
這種脊?fàn)睢Ⅰ薨櫟谋砻娌粌H提高了太陽(yáng)能板的效率，同時(shí)也使得可彎曲的塑料能夠代替原本用于制作太陽(yáng)能板的硅。硅從本質(zhì)上來說吸收光的性能要比塑料好，但是 其成本昂貴同時(shí)也易碎。柔韌的塑料相比之下更為便宜也更為耐用，但一般來講吸收光的性能還是不太好。但是有了這種葉狀表面，用可彎曲的塑料制成的太陽(yáng)能板 能夠像普通太陽(yáng)能板一樣吸收陽(yáng)光，甚至要比普通太陽(yáng)能板的效果還要好。
褶皺表面的另一個(gè)好處就是它在顯著提高太陽(yáng)能板吸收光譜中波長(zhǎng)最長(zhǎng)的紅光端的效率。傳統(tǒng)的太陽(yáng)能板只能吸收少量紅光和紅外線。但是這種褶皺的表面可以使吸收紅光的效率提高近6倍。
塑料、葉狀的太陽(yáng)能板目前還沒有被廣泛使用。但是它們終有一天會(huì)掀起一場(chǎng)太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)的變革，因?yàn)檫@種薄而柔韌的太陽(yáng)能板可以應(yīng)用到窗戶、衣服和多數(shù)的平整表面上。
Leaves Inspire Better Solar Panels
What do leaves and solar panels have in common?
Both absorb sunlight and turn it into energy. But while solar panels typically have smooth surfaces, leaves have tiny wrinkles and folds that allow for maximum light absorption.
Recently, scientists took a cue from nature and engineered plastic solar panels with leaf like surfaces. Most flat surfaced solar panels absorb some light and turn about eighteen percent of it into electricity. Panels with ridged surfaces can absorb more light by channeling light waves, thereby significantly increasing their efficiency at converting light into electricity.
Besides making panels more efficient, ridged and wrinkled surfaces could allow solar panels to be made out of bendable plastic instead of silicon. Silicon is naturally better at absorbing light than plastic, but it’s also more expensive and more brittle. Flexible plastic is cheaper and more durable but typically not as good at absorbing light. But with leaf like surfaces, solar panels made from bendable plastic may be able to absorb light just as effectively, if not more so, than regular panels.
Another benefit of the wrinkled surface technique is that it’s especially useful for increasing absorption at the red end of the light spectrum, which has the longest wavelengths. Conventional solar panels typically absorb very little of red and infrared light. But the folding technique increased absorption of this light by nearly 600 percent.
Plastic, leaf like solar panels are not yet ready for widespread use. But they could one day help revolutionize the solar industry by allowing for thin, flexible panels used on windows, clothing, and most flat surfaces.
樹葉與太陽(yáng)能板
樹葉和太陽(yáng)能板有哪些共同之處呢？
它們都能吸收陽(yáng)光并將之轉(zhuǎn)換成能量。但是太陽(yáng)能板的表面一般較為平整，而葉子表面有細(xì)小的紋理和褶皺，這些紋理和褶皺使樹葉能夠限度地吸收陽(yáng)光。
最近，科學(xué)家們受到大自然的啟發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)出一種與樹葉表面結(jié)構(gòu)類似的塑料太陽(yáng)能板。大多數(shù)表面平整的太陽(yáng)能板在吸收陽(yáng)光后僅能將其中的18%轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。而有脊?fàn)畋砻娴奶?yáng)能板可以通過引導(dǎo)光波來吸收更多的陽(yáng)光，因此大大提高了光能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的效率。
這種脊?fàn)睢Ⅰ薨櫟谋砻娌粌H提高了太陽(yáng)能板的效率，同時(shí)也使得可彎曲的塑料能夠代替原本用于制作太陽(yáng)能板的硅。硅從本質(zhì)上來說吸收光的性能要比塑料好，但是 其成本昂貴同時(shí)也易碎。柔韌的塑料相比之下更為便宜也更為耐用，但一般來講吸收光的性能還是不太好。但是有了這種葉狀表面，用可彎曲的塑料制成的太陽(yáng)能板 能夠像普通太陽(yáng)能板一樣吸收陽(yáng)光，甚至要比普通太陽(yáng)能板的效果還要好。
褶皺表面的另一個(gè)好處就是它在顯著提高太陽(yáng)能板吸收光譜中波長(zhǎng)最長(zhǎng)的紅光端的效率。傳統(tǒng)的太陽(yáng)能板只能吸收少量紅光和紅外線。但是這種褶皺的表面可以使吸收紅光的效率提高近6倍。
塑料、葉狀的太陽(yáng)能板目前還沒有被廣泛使用。但是它們終有一天會(huì)掀起一場(chǎng)太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)的變革，因?yàn)檫@種薄而柔韌的太陽(yáng)能板可以應(yīng)用到窗戶、衣服和多數(shù)的平整表面上。