新概念頻道為大家整理的新概念課程講解第四冊(cè)Lesson2 ，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站 新概念英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson 2 Spare that spider不要傷害蜘蛛
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects?
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
【參考譯文】
你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx，其中包括一些人類的大敵，要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
有多少蜘蛛在為我們效力呢？一位研究蜘蛛的權(quán)威對(duì)英國(guó)南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛作了調(diào)查。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有225萬多只蜘蛛。這就是說，在一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)上約有600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆蟲。它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國(guó)蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國(guó)家人口的總重量。1.beast n.野獸
2.census n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字
例句：We should publicize the census well.
我們要做好這次人口普查的宣傳工作。
3.acre n.英畝
4.content adj.滿足的
例句：She be not content to be a housewife.
她不滿足于做個(gè)家庭主婦。
1.Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends?
參考翻譯：你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？
講解：you may wonder插入語(yǔ)，是獨(dú)立的成分，不具有語(yǔ)法意義，去掉后也不影響句子的完整性。
2.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world.
參考翻譯：昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去。
講解：make賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
常見的使役動(dòng)詞有：make， have， leave。他們都表示“使得”，后面都可接賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，但用法上有所不同。
make用作使役動(dòng)詞表示“使；使成為”時(shí)，可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“make 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞或名詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞。
1. 我們推選他為我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
We made him captain of our football team.
2. 我們隊(duì)贏了的消息使我們大家非常高興。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
3. 大雨使得我們無法出去。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
注意：過去分詞作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用加to； 但當(dāng)不定式作其賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一定要加to。
這個(gè)男孩被迫每天干十二個(gè)小時(shí)的活。
The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.
3.they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
參考翻譯：要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。
講解：if it were not虛擬語(yǔ)氣
if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， if it had not been for與過去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
4.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.
參考翻譯：我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。
講解：owe to歸功于
例句：He owes his success more to luck than to ability.
他認(rèn)為他的成功是靠運(yùn)氣而不是因?yàn)樽约河心芰Α?BR> 5.Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
參考翻譯：此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
講解：Moreover遞進(jìn)，相當(dāng)于what's more
do harm to損害...，傷害...
例句：Whether it will do us harm or good is hard to say .
這對(duì)我們是好是壞還很難說。
6.One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
參考翻譯：人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
講解：at a glance一眼看去,一瞥,掃一眼
例句：He saw at a glance that she'd been crying.
他一看便知她一直在哭。
7.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day.
參考翻譯：它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。
講解：content with滿足于...
例句：I will never be content with my performance in the market.
我不滿足于現(xiàn)有的成就。一、常用做插入語(yǔ)的副詞
indeed的確， surely無疑， however然而， obviously顯然， frankly坦率地說， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸運(yùn)， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly簡(jiǎn)單地說等。
1. Surely， she wont go to China Telecom with you.
當(dāng)然她不會(huì)和你一起去中國(guó)電信。
2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.
奇怪，他未來過中國(guó)聯(lián)通。更奇怪，他沒給我打電話。
3. Fortunately， I found the book that Id lost.
幸虧我找到了已丟失的那本書。
二、常見的作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞或其短語(yǔ)
true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say說也奇怪， needless to say不用說， most impor tant of all為重要， worse still更糟糕的等。
1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.
說也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出這樣的事。
2. Most important of all， you each overfulfilled your own task.
更為重要的，你們各自超額完成了自己的任務(wù)。
三、常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)
in a few words(或in sum， in short)簡(jiǎn)而言之， in other words換句話說， in a sense在某種意義上， in general一般說來， in my view在我看來， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意見(判斷)， in conclusion總之， in summary概括地說， in fact事實(shí)上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course當(dāng)然， to our knowledge據(jù)我們所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高興、滿意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他們驚奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遺憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事實(shí)上等。
1. Of course， he did not succeed for the lack of experience.
當(dāng)然，他由于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)而未成功。
2. She knows much more about computer science than the other students do， for in stance.
例如，她在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)方面就比其他同學(xué)懂得多。
四、常用作插入語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)
strictly speaking嚴(yán)格地說， generally speaking一般地說， judging from…根據(jù)……判斷等。
Judging from his letter， a campaign against“white pollution”has been underta ken in his hometown.
根據(jù)他的來信做出判斷，一場(chǎng)抵制“白色污染”的運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在他的故鄉(xiāng)展開了。
注意:不要理解為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樯蟽删渲衧peaking和judging的動(dòng)作不是句中主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。
五、常用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)
to be sure無疑地， to sum up概括地說， to tell the truth老實(shí)說等。
1. To be sure， community service can aid reemployment.
毫無疑問，社區(qū)服務(wù)能有助于再就業(yè)。
2. To start with， China is ready strengthen scientific and technological coopera tion with many countries.
首先，中國(guó)準(zhǔn)備和許多國(guó)家加強(qiáng)科學(xué)技術(shù)合作。
六、插入句
I am sure我可以肯定地說， I believe我相信， I wonder我不知道， you know你知道， you see你明白， that is也就是說， it seems看來是， as I see it照我看來， what is impor tant (serious)重要(嚴(yán)重)的是， Im afraid恐怕， it is said據(jù)說等。
1. It will result in success， I suppose.
我想，這件事終于會(huì)成功的。
2. One day， it is said， Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
據(jù)說，有一天牛頓見到一個(gè)蘋果從樹上掉下來。
3. What is more important， information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.
更重要的是，信息高速公路能把大量信息迅速、便宜地傳遍全國(guó)1.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;
昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去。
2.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.
我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。
3.Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
4.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill.
它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)。
5.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國(guó)蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國(guó)家人口的總重量。
Lesson 2 Spare that spider不要傷害蜘蛛
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects?
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
【參考譯文】
你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx，其中包括一些人類的大敵，要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
有多少蜘蛛在為我們效力呢？一位研究蜘蛛的權(quán)威對(duì)英國(guó)南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛作了調(diào)查。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有225萬多只蜘蛛。這就是說，在一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)上約有600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆蟲。它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國(guó)蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國(guó)家人口的總重量。1.beast n.野獸
2.census n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字
例句：We should publicize the census well.
我們要做好這次人口普查的宣傳工作。
3.acre n.英畝
4.content adj.滿足的
例句：She be not content to be a housewife.
她不滿足于做個(gè)家庭主婦。
1.Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends?
參考翻譯：你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？
講解：you may wonder插入語(yǔ)，是獨(dú)立的成分，不具有語(yǔ)法意義，去掉后也不影響句子的完整性。
2.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world.
參考翻譯：昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去。
講解：make賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
常見的使役動(dòng)詞有：make， have， leave。他們都表示“使得”，后面都可接賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，但用法上有所不同。
make用作使役動(dòng)詞表示“使；使成為”時(shí)，可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“make 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞或名詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞。
1. 我們推選他為我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
We made him captain of our football team.
2. 我們隊(duì)贏了的消息使我們大家非常高興。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
3. 大雨使得我們無法出去。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
注意：過去分詞作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用加to； 但當(dāng)不定式作其賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一定要加to。
這個(gè)男孩被迫每天干十二個(gè)小時(shí)的活。
The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.
3.they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
參考翻譯：要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。
講解：if it were not虛擬語(yǔ)氣
if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， if it had not been for與過去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
4.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.
參考翻譯：我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。
講解：owe to歸功于
例句：He owes his success more to luck than to ability.
他認(rèn)為他的成功是靠運(yùn)氣而不是因?yàn)樽约河心芰Α?BR> 5.Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
參考翻譯：此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
講解：Moreover遞進(jìn)，相當(dāng)于what's more
do harm to損害...，傷害...
例句：Whether it will do us harm or good is hard to say .
這對(duì)我們是好是壞還很難說。
6.One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
參考翻譯：人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
講解：at a glance一眼看去,一瞥,掃一眼
例句：He saw at a glance that she'd been crying.
他一看便知她一直在哭。
7.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day.
參考翻譯：它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。
講解：content with滿足于...
例句：I will never be content with my performance in the market.
我不滿足于現(xiàn)有的成就。一、常用做插入語(yǔ)的副詞
indeed的確， surely無疑， however然而， obviously顯然， frankly坦率地說， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸運(yùn)， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly簡(jiǎn)單地說等。
1. Surely， she wont go to China Telecom with you.
當(dāng)然她不會(huì)和你一起去中國(guó)電信。
2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.
奇怪，他未來過中國(guó)聯(lián)通。更奇怪，他沒給我打電話。
3. Fortunately， I found the book that Id lost.
幸虧我找到了已丟失的那本書。
二、常見的作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞或其短語(yǔ)
true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say說也奇怪， needless to say不用說， most impor tant of all為重要， worse still更糟糕的等。
1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.
說也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出這樣的事。
2. Most important of all， you each overfulfilled your own task.
更為重要的，你們各自超額完成了自己的任務(wù)。
三、常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)
in a few words(或in sum， in short)簡(jiǎn)而言之， in other words換句話說， in a sense在某種意義上， in general一般說來， in my view在我看來， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意見(判斷)， in conclusion總之， in summary概括地說， in fact事實(shí)上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course當(dāng)然， to our knowledge據(jù)我們所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高興、滿意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他們驚奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遺憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事實(shí)上等。
1. Of course， he did not succeed for the lack of experience.
當(dāng)然，他由于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)而未成功。
2. She knows much more about computer science than the other students do， for in stance.
例如，她在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)方面就比其他同學(xué)懂得多。
四、常用作插入語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)
strictly speaking嚴(yán)格地說， generally speaking一般地說， judging from…根據(jù)……判斷等。
Judging from his letter， a campaign against“white pollution”has been underta ken in his hometown.
根據(jù)他的來信做出判斷，一場(chǎng)抵制“白色污染”的運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在他的故鄉(xiāng)展開了。
注意:不要理解為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樯蟽删渲衧peaking和judging的動(dòng)作不是句中主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。
五、常用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)
to be sure無疑地， to sum up概括地說， to tell the truth老實(shí)說等。
1. To be sure， community service can aid reemployment.
毫無疑問，社區(qū)服務(wù)能有助于再就業(yè)。
2. To start with， China is ready strengthen scientific and technological coopera tion with many countries.
首先，中國(guó)準(zhǔn)備和許多國(guó)家加強(qiáng)科學(xué)技術(shù)合作。
六、插入句
I am sure我可以肯定地說， I believe我相信， I wonder我不知道， you know你知道， you see你明白， that is也就是說， it seems看來是， as I see it照我看來， what is impor tant (serious)重要(嚴(yán)重)的是， Im afraid恐怕， it is said據(jù)說等。
1. It will result in success， I suppose.
我想，這件事終于會(huì)成功的。
2. One day， it is said， Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
據(jù)說，有一天牛頓見到一個(gè)蘋果從樹上掉下來。
3. What is more important， information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.
更重要的是，信息高速公路能把大量信息迅速、便宜地傳遍全國(guó)1.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;
昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去。
2.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.
我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。
3.Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
4.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill.
它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)。
5.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國(guó)蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國(guó)家人口的總重量。