Lesson 9 Royal espionage 王室諜報活動
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What important thing did King Alfred learn when he penetrated the Danish camp of Guthrum?
Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!【參考譯文】
阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。當時，浪跡天涯的吟游歌手到處受歡迎，他們不是作戰(zhàn)人員，豎琴就是他們的通行證。阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。丹麥軍已在切本哈姆扎下營準備過冬，阿爾弗雷便來到此地。他馬上發(fā)現丹麥軍紀律松弛，他們以征服者自居，安全措施馬馬虎虎。他們靠掠奪附近的地區(qū)的財物過著舒適的生活。他們不僅搜刮吃的喝的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。
阿爾弗雷德在敵營呆了一個星期后，回到了阿塞爾納。他集結在那里的軍隊和丹麥大軍相比是微不足道的，然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
因此，面對丹麥人的進攻，阿爾弗雷德沒有貿然同敵人作戰(zhàn)，而是采用騷擾敵人的戰(zhàn)術。他的部隊不停地移動，牽著敵人的鼻子，讓他們跟著跑。他派出巡邏隊阻止敵人搶劫，因而饑餓威脅著丹麥軍隊。這時，阿爾弗雷德發(fā)起一連串小規(guī)模的進攻，結果不出一個月，丹麥人就投降了。這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報活動中最精彩的篇章。1.espionage n.間諜活動
2.Alfred公元871-899 年間任英國國王
3.Danish adj. 丹麥的，丹麥人的，丹麥語的
4.minstrel n.中世紀的吟游歌手
5.wandering adj.漫游的
6.harp n.堅琴
7.ballad n.民歌
8.acrobatic adj.雜技的
9.conjuring n.魔術
10.Athelney n.阿塞爾納（英國一個小島）
11.Chippenham n.切本哈姆（英國一個城市）
12.thither adv.向那里
13.Dane n.丹麥人
14.slack adj.渙散的
15.conqueror n.征服者
16.casual adj.馬虎的，隨便的
17.precaution n.預防，警惕
18.proceeds n.所得
19.assemble v.集合
20.trivial adj.微不足道的
21.prolonged adj.持久的
22.commissariat n.軍糧供應
23.episode n.一個事件，片斷
24.epic n.史詩
25.harry v.騷擾
26.assail v.襲擊
27.skirmish n.小規(guī)模戰(zhàn)斗1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。
講解：disguised as偽裝成……例如：
The butterfly disguised itself as a piece of leaf,so I didn't find it.
那只蝴蝶偽裝成樹葉，所以我沒有找到。
visiting是現在分詞作伴隨狀語。
2.They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
參考翻譯：他們不是作戰(zhàn)人員，豎琴就是他們的通行證。
講解：passport通行證，這個詞有比較形象，是隱喻的手法。
3.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
講解：in his youth在他年輕時。a man in his twenties一名二十多歲的男子。
4.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。
講解：set out to打算，著手
John set out that day to hunt for work.
約翰那天外出找工作。
She set out to break the world land speed record.
她決心要打破陸上速度的世界紀錄。
5.There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
參考翻譯：丹麥軍已在切本哈姆扎下營準備過冬，阿爾弗雷便來到此地。
講解：settle down定居,平靜下來,專心于
He settled down to marking the examination papers.
他定下心來批閱試卷。
He's just a drifter he can't settle down anywhere.
他不過是個流浪漢--哪兒也呆不住。
6.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
參考翻譯：他們不僅搜刮吃的喝的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。
講解：as well as也，還。具體用法見語法部分。
7.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
參考翻譯：然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
講解：no longer no more
(1) 用作副詞表示時間上的“不再”，可用no longer, not…any longer, not…any more：
He knows that he is no longer young. 他知道自己不再年輕。
She could no longer go to school. 她不再能上學了。
This is no longer a distant dream. 這已不再是遙遠的夢。
I can’t wait any longer. 我不能再等了。
I am not concerned with that matter any longer. 我不再和這事有關。
You won’t ever see her any more. 你不會再見到她。
I just can’t stand this life any more. 我簡直受不了這種生活。
We won’t have any more discussion about it. 我們將不再作更多討論了。
We don’t live here any more [longer]. / We no longer live here. 我們不住在這里了。
He once knew her, but they are no longer friends. 他過去認識她，但現在不再是朋友了。
no longer 通常位于句中的實意動詞之前，動詞be、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后，有時也可位于句末或句首(用于句首時，其后用倒裝語序)：
He no longer loves her. / He loves her no longer. / No longer does he love her. 他再也不愛她了。
【注】原來no more 也可表示時間上的“不再”(但要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用，且位于句末)，但在現代英語中，no more 一般不這樣用。
(2) 以下各例中的more 和longer 分別為much 和long的比較級，此時兩者不可混淆：
There is no more bread. 沒有面包了。
The boy doesn’t want any more. 這孩子不想再要了。
This rope is no longer than that one. 這根繩子與那根繩子一樣不長。1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。
2.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
3.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。
4.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
他馬上發(fā)現丹麥軍紀律松弛，他們以征服者自居，安全措施馬馬虎虎。
5.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle:and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
6.The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報活動中最精彩的篇章。as well as用法
一、用作連詞
al well as可以用來連接兩個相同的成分，如名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。此時，as well as連接的雖然是兩個并列成分，但強調的重點在前面，不在后面，意思為“不但……而且……”、“既……又……”、“除了……之外，還有……”翻譯時要先譯后面，再譯前面。例如：
1. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不僅需要水，還需要空氣和陽光。（連接名詞）
2. She helped Tom as well as I. = She and I helped Tom. 我?guī)土藴返拿?，她也幫了湯姆的忙。（連接主格代詞）
3. She helped Tom as well as me. = She helped Tom and me. 她幫了我的忙，也幫了湯姆的忙。（連接賓格代詞）
4. She continued her own work as well as hepled me. 她除了幫助我，還繼續(xù)自己的工作。（連接動詞）
5. He finds the mass of materials before, as well as after exeperiments. 他不但在實驗后，還在實驗前求出材料的質量。（連接介詞短語）
6. The child is lively as well as healthy. 這孩子既健康又活潑。（連接形容詞）
二、用作介詞
此時，as well as相當于besides，in addition to，意思為“除……之外”，后面通常接名詞或動詞，尤其是位于句首時。
As well as / Besides / In addition to eating five course meals, they drank seven bottles of wine. 除了五道菜外，他們還喝了七瓶酒。
三、well用于as……as的結構中
這種as well as結構表示比較，引起一個比較狀語從句。例如：
He can operate the machine as well as I do. 他操縱這臺機器和我一樣熟練。
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What important thing did King Alfred learn when he penetrated the Danish camp of Guthrum?
Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!【參考譯文】
阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。當時，浪跡天涯的吟游歌手到處受歡迎，他們不是作戰(zhàn)人員，豎琴就是他們的通行證。阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。丹麥軍已在切本哈姆扎下營準備過冬，阿爾弗雷便來到此地。他馬上發(fā)現丹麥軍紀律松弛，他們以征服者自居，安全措施馬馬虎虎。他們靠掠奪附近的地區(qū)的財物過著舒適的生活。他們不僅搜刮吃的喝的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。
阿爾弗雷德在敵營呆了一個星期后，回到了阿塞爾納。他集結在那里的軍隊和丹麥大軍相比是微不足道的，然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
因此，面對丹麥人的進攻，阿爾弗雷德沒有貿然同敵人作戰(zhàn)，而是采用騷擾敵人的戰(zhàn)術。他的部隊不停地移動，牽著敵人的鼻子，讓他們跟著跑。他派出巡邏隊阻止敵人搶劫，因而饑餓威脅著丹麥軍隊。這時，阿爾弗雷德發(fā)起一連串小規(guī)模的進攻，結果不出一個月，丹麥人就投降了。這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報活動中最精彩的篇章。1.espionage n.間諜活動
2.Alfred公元871-899 年間任英國國王
3.Danish adj. 丹麥的，丹麥人的，丹麥語的
4.minstrel n.中世紀的吟游歌手
5.wandering adj.漫游的
6.harp n.堅琴
7.ballad n.民歌
8.acrobatic adj.雜技的
9.conjuring n.魔術
10.Athelney n.阿塞爾納（英國一個小島）
11.Chippenham n.切本哈姆（英國一個城市）
12.thither adv.向那里
13.Dane n.丹麥人
14.slack adj.渙散的
15.conqueror n.征服者
16.casual adj.馬虎的，隨便的
17.precaution n.預防，警惕
18.proceeds n.所得
19.assemble v.集合
20.trivial adj.微不足道的
21.prolonged adj.持久的
22.commissariat n.軍糧供應
23.episode n.一個事件，片斷
24.epic n.史詩
25.harry v.騷擾
26.assail v.襲擊
27.skirmish n.小規(guī)模戰(zhàn)斗1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。
講解：disguised as偽裝成……例如：
The butterfly disguised itself as a piece of leaf,so I didn't find it.
那只蝴蝶偽裝成樹葉，所以我沒有找到。
visiting是現在分詞作伴隨狀語。
2.They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
參考翻譯：他們不是作戰(zhàn)人員，豎琴就是他們的通行證。
講解：passport通行證，這個詞有比較形象，是隱喻的手法。
3.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
講解：in his youth在他年輕時。a man in his twenties一名二十多歲的男子。
4.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
參考翻譯：阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。
講解：set out to打算，著手
John set out that day to hunt for work.
約翰那天外出找工作。
She set out to break the world land speed record.
她決心要打破陸上速度的世界紀錄。
5.There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
參考翻譯：丹麥軍已在切本哈姆扎下營準備過冬，阿爾弗雷便來到此地。
講解：settle down定居,平靜下來,專心于
He settled down to marking the examination papers.
他定下心來批閱試卷。
He's just a drifter he can't settle down anywhere.
他不過是個流浪漢--哪兒也呆不住。
6.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
參考翻譯：他們不僅搜刮吃的喝的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。
講解：as well as也，還。具體用法見語法部分。
7.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
參考翻譯：然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
講解：no longer no more
(1) 用作副詞表示時間上的“不再”，可用no longer, not…any longer, not…any more：
He knows that he is no longer young. 他知道自己不再年輕。
She could no longer go to school. 她不再能上學了。
This is no longer a distant dream. 這已不再是遙遠的夢。
I can’t wait any longer. 我不能再等了。
I am not concerned with that matter any longer. 我不再和這事有關。
You won’t ever see her any more. 你不會再見到她。
I just can’t stand this life any more. 我簡直受不了這種生活。
We won’t have any more discussion about it. 我們將不再作更多討論了。
We don’t live here any more [longer]. / We no longer live here. 我們不住在這里了。
He once knew her, but they are no longer friends. 他過去認識她，但現在不再是朋友了。
no longer 通常位于句中的實意動詞之前，動詞be、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后，有時也可位于句末或句首(用于句首時，其后用倒裝語序)：
He no longer loves her. / He loves her no longer. / No longer does he love her. 他再也不愛她了。
【注】原來no more 也可表示時間上的“不再”(但要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用，且位于句末)，但在現代英語中，no more 一般不這樣用。
(2) 以下各例中的more 和longer 分別為much 和long的比較級，此時兩者不可混淆：
There is no more bread. 沒有面包了。
The boy doesn’t want any more. 這孩子不想再要了。
This rope is no longer than that one. 這根繩子與那根繩子一樣不長。1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。
2.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。
3.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。
4.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
他馬上發(fā)現丹麥軍紀律松弛，他們以征服者自居，安全措施馬馬虎虎。
5.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle:and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰(zhàn)爭，他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態(tài)，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。
6.The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報活動中最精彩的篇章。as well as用法
一、用作連詞
al well as可以用來連接兩個相同的成分，如名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。此時，as well as連接的雖然是兩個并列成分，但強調的重點在前面，不在后面，意思為“不但……而且……”、“既……又……”、“除了……之外，還有……”翻譯時要先譯后面，再譯前面。例如：
1. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不僅需要水，還需要空氣和陽光。（連接名詞）
2. She helped Tom as well as I. = She and I helped Tom. 我?guī)土藴返拿?，她也幫了湯姆的忙。（連接主格代詞）
3. She helped Tom as well as me. = She helped Tom and me. 她幫了我的忙，也幫了湯姆的忙。（連接賓格代詞）
4. She continued her own work as well as hepled me. 她除了幫助我，還繼續(xù)自己的工作。（連接動詞）
5. He finds the mass of materials before, as well as after exeperiments. 他不但在實驗后，還在實驗前求出材料的質量。（連接介詞短語）
6. The child is lively as well as healthy. 這孩子既健康又活潑。（連接形容詞）
二、用作介詞
此時，as well as相當于besides，in addition to，意思為“除……之外”，后面通常接名詞或動詞，尤其是位于句首時。
As well as / Besides / In addition to eating five course meals, they drank seven bottles of wine. 除了五道菜外，他們還喝了七瓶酒。
三、well用于as……as的結構中
這種as well as結構表示比較，引起一個比較狀語從句。例如：
He can operate the machine as well as I do. 他操縱這臺機器和我一樣熟練。