Lesson 6 The sporting spirit
第六課體育精神
by GEORGE ORWELL
from The sporting spirit
6-1. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
【譯文】當(dāng)人們說體育可創(chuàng)造兩國的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。
【講解】that if only…cricket作saying的賓語從句。其中的if從句是非真實(shí)條件從句。could meet和would have是表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)事實(shí)不符的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。if only意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)或真實(shí)條件句。
【單詞和短語】
amazed：十分驚奇的，吃驚的；顯示出驚奇的（very surprised），動詞形式為amaze，名詞形式為amazement，
例如：
I was amazed at the news. 我聽到這消息大為驚詫。
I am amazed that he has never read The Lord of the Rings.
他從未讀過《指環(huán)王》，我對此大為驚奇。
goodwill：善意，友善；友好，親善（kind feelings towards or between people and a willingness to be helpful），
例如，
Princess Diana’s heart is full of goodwill to all men. 戴安娜王妃的心里對所有人都充滿善意。
inclination：（性格上的）傾向；意向；愛好，癖好（a feeling that makes you want to do sth.），動詞形式為incline，形容詞形式為inclined，
例如，
My inclination is to agree. 我傾向于同意。
have an inclination for sports愛好體育
follow one’s own inclinations隨心所欲
6-2. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.
【譯文】人們即使不能從具體的事例（如1936年奧運(yùn)會）了解到國際運(yùn)動比賽會導(dǎo)致極度仇恨，也能從常理中推出結(jié)論。
【講解】that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred作know的賓語。one泛指人，可譯為“人們”。it指international… hatred。
【單詞和短語】
concrete：具體的；確實(shí)的（definite and specific），
例如，
a concrete proposal/example 具體的建議/例子
Money is concrete and wealth is abstract.
錢是具體的，財(cái)富是抽象的。
concrete的反義詞是abstract。
concrete 亦可做名詞，常見意為“大理石”。
orgy：無節(jié)制行為（an orgy of sth. used emphasize that people suddenly do a lot of a particular activity），
例如：
an all-night orgy of reading 徹夜的盡情閱讀
an orgy of looting and burning 大肆搶劫并縱火的暴行
hatred：仇恨；敵意；憎惡（an angry feeling of extreme dislike for sb. or sth.），
例如：
have /nurse a ferocious hatred of/for sb. 對某人懷有深仇大恨
utter one’s hatred against the enemy 說出對敵人的憎恨
deduce：演繹；推論；推斷（to use the knowledge and information you have in order to understand sth or form an opinion about it），
例如：
From his conversation, she deduced that he had a large family.
她從他的談話中推斷出他家里人口多。
deduce聯(lián)想到deduction（演繹法）、induce（歸納）和induction（歸納法）。
6-3. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.
【譯文】現(xiàn)在開展的各種體育項(xiàng)目幾乎都具競爭性。
【講解】practised nowadays是過去分詞短語，作定語，修飾sports。
【單詞和短語】competitive的動詞形式為compete，名詞形式為competition。
6-4. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
【譯文】參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拼命爭取勝利，比賽就沒有什么意義了。
【講解】you泛指人，可譯為“人們”。to win作目的狀語。
【單詞和短語】
do one’s utmost：竭力（tried as hard as one could），
例如：
The coach did his utmost to make us into a winning game.
教練竭盡全力使我隊(duì)成了常勝隊(duì)。
與do one’s utmost同義的短語有spare no efforts，stint no efforts，do sth. to the best of one’s ability等。
第六課體育精神
by GEORGE ORWELL
from The sporting spirit
6-1. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
【譯文】當(dāng)人們說體育可創(chuàng)造兩國的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。
【講解】that if only…cricket作saying的賓語從句。其中的if從句是非真實(shí)條件從句。could meet和would have是表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)事實(shí)不符的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。if only意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)或真實(shí)條件句。
【單詞和短語】
amazed：十分驚奇的，吃驚的；顯示出驚奇的（very surprised），動詞形式為amaze，名詞形式為amazement，
例如：
I was amazed at the news. 我聽到這消息大為驚詫。
I am amazed that he has never read The Lord of the Rings.
他從未讀過《指環(huán)王》，我對此大為驚奇。
goodwill：善意，友善；友好，親善（kind feelings towards or between people and a willingness to be helpful），
例如，
Princess Diana’s heart is full of goodwill to all men. 戴安娜王妃的心里對所有人都充滿善意。
inclination：（性格上的）傾向；意向；愛好，癖好（a feeling that makes you want to do sth.），動詞形式為incline，形容詞形式為inclined，
例如，
My inclination is to agree. 我傾向于同意。
have an inclination for sports愛好體育
follow one’s own inclinations隨心所欲
6-2. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.
【譯文】人們即使不能從具體的事例（如1936年奧運(yùn)會）了解到國際運(yùn)動比賽會導(dǎo)致極度仇恨，也能從常理中推出結(jié)論。
【講解】that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred作know的賓語。one泛指人，可譯為“人們”。it指international… hatred。
【單詞和短語】
concrete：具體的；確實(shí)的（definite and specific），
例如，
a concrete proposal/example 具體的建議/例子
Money is concrete and wealth is abstract.
錢是具體的，財(cái)富是抽象的。
concrete的反義詞是abstract。
concrete 亦可做名詞，常見意為“大理石”。
orgy：無節(jié)制行為（an orgy of sth. used emphasize that people suddenly do a lot of a particular activity），
例如：
an all-night orgy of reading 徹夜的盡情閱讀
an orgy of looting and burning 大肆搶劫并縱火的暴行
hatred：仇恨；敵意；憎惡（an angry feeling of extreme dislike for sb. or sth.），
例如：
have /nurse a ferocious hatred of/for sb. 對某人懷有深仇大恨
utter one’s hatred against the enemy 說出對敵人的憎恨
deduce：演繹；推論；推斷（to use the knowledge and information you have in order to understand sth or form an opinion about it），
例如：
From his conversation, she deduced that he had a large family.
她從他的談話中推斷出他家里人口多。
deduce聯(lián)想到deduction（演繹法）、induce（歸納）和induction（歸納法）。
6-3. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.
【譯文】現(xiàn)在開展的各種體育項(xiàng)目幾乎都具競爭性。
【講解】practised nowadays是過去分詞短語，作定語，修飾sports。
【單詞和短語】competitive的動詞形式為compete，名詞形式為competition。
6-4. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
【譯文】參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拼命爭取勝利，比賽就沒有什么意義了。
【講解】you泛指人，可譯為“人們”。to win作目的狀語。
【單詞和短語】
do one’s utmost：竭力（tried as hard as one could），
例如：
The coach did his utmost to make us into a winning game.
教練竭盡全力使我隊(duì)成了常勝隊(duì)。
與do one’s utmost同義的短語有spare no efforts，stint no efforts，do sth. to the best of one’s ability等。