兩組易混關系代詞的用法與辨析
一、that 與 which
兩者都可指物,??苫Q,其區(qū)別是:
(1) 引導非限制性定語從句或直接放在介詞后作賓語時,要用which。如:
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險的。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個我們可能長時間爭論的問題。
(2) 當先行詞為不定代詞或被其修飾、受the very, the only, the same 等修飾、受形容詞級或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)等修飾、關系代詞在定語從句中用作表語或先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時,通常用that。如:
All that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
This is the only book (that) I find useful. 這是我發(fā)現(xiàn)的惟一有用的書。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。
2. as 與 which
(1) 引導限制性定語從句時,在 such, as, the same 后只能用 as,其他情況用 which。如:
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來那么傻。
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一種他買得起的最貴的煙。
(2) 引導非限制性定語從句時,有時兩者可互換,但若位于主句之前,則只能用as。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠,這你是知道的。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉一周,這是每個人都清楚的。
另外,as 引導的非限制性定語從句應與主句在意義上和諧一致,which無此限制。如:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國了,這是大家預料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)
一、that 與 which
兩者都可指物,??苫Q,其區(qū)別是:
(1) 引導非限制性定語從句或直接放在介詞后作賓語時,要用which。如:
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險的。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個我們可能長時間爭論的問題。
(2) 當先行詞為不定代詞或被其修飾、受the very, the only, the same 等修飾、受形容詞級或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)等修飾、關系代詞在定語從句中用作表語或先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時,通常用that。如:
All that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
This is the only book (that) I find useful. 這是我發(fā)現(xiàn)的惟一有用的書。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。
2. as 與 which
(1) 引導限制性定語從句時,在 such, as, the same 后只能用 as,其他情況用 which。如:
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來那么傻。
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一種他買得起的最貴的煙。
(2) 引導非限制性定語從句時,有時兩者可互換,但若位于主句之前,則只能用as。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠,這你是知道的。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉一周,這是每個人都清楚的。
另外,as 引導的非限制性定語從句應與主句在意義上和諧一致,which無此限制。如:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國了,這是大家預料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)