Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Ascientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist as asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer:those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increase may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked.
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conductive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
21.If a scientist wants to study consumer behavior, what must he do?
A) He must predict the way in which consumers will spend their money.
B) He must do scientific research.
C) He must know background of customers.
D) He must do research and learn the resources and motives of customers.
22.Which of the following groups borrow money most according to traditional assumption?
A) People with rising incomes.
B) People with stable incomes.
C) People with declining incomes.
D) None of the above.
23.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.
B) The condition that most helps to produce spending appears to be price rising.
C) Maintaining stable prices is a common business policy.
D) The results of the investigation in America were not the same as those in Great Britain.
24.The research survey in America have showed that when the prices rise, ____.
A) people will hasten to buy
B) people will stop buying
C) people will postpone their purchase
D) people will buy more than they can use
25.The saving and spending patterns in America are ____ those at the same time in Britain.
A) different from B) much better than C) the same asD) much worse than
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The breakup of the family occurs when the parents divorce. A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.
26.In the past, American families tended to be ____.
A) quite small B) medium sized C) quite large D) small
27. To parents who take the responsibility for children’s expenses, the cost of living increases because ____.
A) children attend school for more years B) children are better dressed
C) children spend more money on entertainment D) all of the above
28.What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?
A) Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn’t pay much attention to children.
B) Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.
C) Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.
D) Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her own interests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.
29.According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may ____.
A) become worse C) get better
B) remain the same D) keep unchanged
30.The title of the article might be ____.
A) American Children C) American Mother
B) American Families D) American Parents
Questions 31 to 35 are
based on the following passage:
Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture in Europe to have a strong impact on Western civilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in 1965.
31.Albert Schweitzer was ____.
A) a pianist C) a humanitarian
B) an African D) a nurse
32.He had talents for ____.
A) training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturing
B) giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organ
C) taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturing
D) giving concert, making equipment, helping others
33.In spite of people’s suggestions, Albert decided to go to Africa ____.
A) because he was born there
B) because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white men
C) because he wanted to give a concert to African people
D) because he wanted to make money there
34.Why did the author think he was a man of great strength?
A) He always faced great problems with courage.
B) The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn’t discourage him.
C) The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.
D) All of the above.
35.Albert Schweitzer lived to be ____.
A) 70 years old C) 90 years old
B) 80 years old D) 100 years old
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people aresimilar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are atleast customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies ( 一分為二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
36.What kind of society tends to promote social changes?
A) A society where people are similar in many ways.
B) A society where there are only white people.
C) A society where there are only black people.
D) A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.
37.In a mixed society, there may be disagreement in ____.
A) ideas C) beliefs
B) interests D) all of the above
38.Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?
A) Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
B) Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were old.
C) Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social change.
D) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
39.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ____.
A) people there are easy to please
B) people there are less argumentary
C) people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
D) people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
40.The passage is mainly discussing ____.
A) two different societies
B) certain factors that determine the case with which social change oc curs
C) the necessity of social change
D) the significance of social change
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.The Johnsons ____ the house before they decided to buy it.
A) looked out C) looked after
B) looked over D) looked on
42. ____ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the requisite hardness in a kiln.
A) Made C) Being made
B) To make D) The making of
43.I’m sorry my mother didn’t want to go to the department store with me. ____ willing to go, I would have bought her a sweater.
A) Was she C) Had she been
B) Being D) She has been
44. It was during the 1920’s ____ the friendship between Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.
A) when C) before
B) that D) after
45.____ dwell on her past.
A) Little need she C) Little she needed
B) Little did she need D) Little she did need
46.Mr Brown is a ____ old man and all his neighbours are ____ to him.
A) respectful…respectable C) respectable…respectful
B) respectable…respective D) respective…respectable
47.At the moment each of the girls was too busy thinking about ____own personal safety to care much about the luggage.
A) their C) her
B) our D) your
48. ____ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.
A) Walking C) If walking
B) When one is walking D) When walking
49.The ice melted ____ at this temperature.
A) very fastly C) fastly
B) most fastly D) fast
50.I remember ____ for the job, but I forget the exact amount.
A) to be paid C) to get paid
B) being paid D) being received pay
51.David’s mother seldom does her homework on Sunday.____.
A) So does my mother. C) My mother isn’t, either.
B) Nor does my mother. D) My mother doesn’t,too.
52. ____ he found goodness, he praised it.
A) However C) Because
B) As D) Wherever
53.He wondered ____.
A) what would his wife’s reaction be B) how would be his wife’s reaction
C) what will be his wife’s reaction D) what his wife’s reaction would be
54.Children never want to go to bed at the proper time. They always want to ____ late.
A) take up C) stay up
B) stand up D) set up
55.John read the letter ____ he went along.
A) when C) at
B) as D) for
56.He has to make a living by himself because he doesn’t have parents to ____.
A) keep on C) rely on
B) depend with D) go to
57.Let’s go to the movie tonight, ____ ?
A) are we C) let us
B) shall we D) do we
58.He never goes to the party because he always feels ill ____ there.
A) at the ease C) at an ease
B) at his ease D) at ease
59.This dress used to be very popular, but now it is out of ____.
A) question C) date
B) order D) place
60. ____ a fine day, I decided to go for an outing.
A) Being C) It being
B) Having been D) How
61.Since you are feeling uncomfortable, you ____.
A) had better going to see a doctor
B) must go to see a doctor
C) would rather go to see a doctor
D) might as well go to see a doctor
62.I desired nothing but ____ home.
A) go C) going
B) to go D) went
63.I don’t want to ____ you in if you are what you say.
A) run C) make
B) catch D) take
64.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this ____ creates further problems.
A) after all C) in case
B) in turn D) in time
65.It is said that those old houses are being pulled down to ____new office blocks.
A) provide for C) make room for
B) supply D) improve
66.This singer is always very ____ to the reaction of the audience when she gives a performance.
A) sentimental C) positive
B) sensible D) sensitive
67.He was unable to ____ to the group what he meant.
A) get in C) get along
B) get across D) get off
68.It was a horrible ride through pouring rain. ____, he had a puncture and for the last hour had to push the bicycle.
A) To make matters worse C) Even though
B) Actually D) As a matter of fact
69.With the winter here you can ____ these skirts till you need them again next summer.
A) do away with C) get rid of
B) put away D) give away
70. ____ I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.
A) While C) When
B) If D) Because
Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
71.A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior.(Passage 1. Paragraph 1.)
72.Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns.(Passage 1. Paragraph 3.)
73.These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially.(Passage2. Line 16.)
74.The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.(Passage 3. Line 17.)
75.In a society where people are quite similar in many ways,there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for c hange because everything seems to be the same.(Passage 4. Paragraph 1.)
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: Write a short passage on “Competition and Cooperation” with about 120 words. The first sentence of each paragraph is given below:
1. Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.
2. We often find competition and cooperation at the same time.
3. While we are advocating competition, we can not forget cooperation.
答案
Part Ⅱ
1
短文大意
一個科學家如果要研究經(jīng)濟心理學，要預(yù)測消費者花錢的方式，必須研究消費者的行為表 現(xiàn)。假如問及某經(jīng)濟學家這樣一個問題——收入較高的，收入穩(wěn)定的和收入較低的人當中， 誰最愛借錢——他很可能回答后者，而事實上1947——1950年間調(diào)查表明是前者——收入較 高的人，這表明傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)于收支的假設(shè)并不一定可靠。另一傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)認為價格上漲時，人們 會迅速購買。人們同時在美國和英國對此進行了調(diào)查，其結(jié)果不大相同，但都似乎表明保持 價格穩(wěn)定這一常見的商業(yè)政策是建立在正確理解消費者心理的基礎(chǔ)上的。
21.答案D。
【參考譯文】 如果一個科學家要研究消費者行為，他必須研 究消費者的經(jīng)濟來源和消費 動機。
【試題分析】 本題考查對長句子的理解。
【詳細解答】 這是一個尋找具體信息的題。見第一句話:“ 一個科學家要研究經(jīng)濟心理學,要預(yù)測顧客花錢的方式,必須研究顧客行為?！钡诙湓捳f明了如何研究的。“他必須獲得 兩手資料,一是消費者的財力,二是消費者的動機?！憋@然本題選D最為合適。
22.答案C。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)(觀念)，下面哪組人最愛借錢?
【試題分析】 本題為尋找并區(qū)分具體信息題。
【詳細解答】 做本題時要仔細區(qū)分文中提到了兩種說法,一種是傳統(tǒng)認識, 一種是1947—1950年的回答。本題問的是傳統(tǒng)認為,根據(jù)文章第二段第一句話應(yīng)選C:“一般認為收入偏低的人越愛借錢。”如果是問從1947—1950 年的答案來看,則應(yīng)選A,在那段時間收入高的人最愛借錢。
23.答案B。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容，以下哪種說法不對?
【試題分析】 本題為判斷正誤題。
【詳細解答】 此題既可用直接法也可用排除法。如用直接法 , 從最后一段中間一句可以找到答案。文章談到“有助于消費的情況是價格穩(wěn)定,”而B卻說是“價格增長” 與文章說 法不一致,故選B。如用排除法,A說“傳統(tǒng)關(guān)于收支說法不總是可靠的”,可在第二段中間找 到答案。C說“ 保持價格平穩(wěn)是常見的商業(yè)政策”可在最后一句找到答案。D項較難判斷。 文中第二段說調(diào)查表明傳統(tǒng)說法與現(xiàn)在調(diào)查不相符,在第三段開頭說明了這是美國情況。然 后下一句又說英國調(diào)查卻與傳統(tǒng)說法相符,因此我們可以說英,美的結(jié)果不相同。 既然A,C,D 均能從文中找到根據(jù),自然B便是答案了。
24.答案C。
【參考譯文】 美國研究統(tǒng)計表明，價格上漲時，人們會延遲 購買。
【試題分析】 此題為尋找并理解具體信息題。
【詳細解答】 此題問當價格上漲時,人們會怎樣。 文中通過 機械師一家的表現(xiàn)回答了這個問題。機械師一家本準備購買一輛新車,但他們延遲了購買。 用他太太的話說:“幾個月 后我們將花更多的錢買肉和牛奶, 但其他方面花的錢卻要少些了?！边@說明當價格上漲時, 人們會推遲購物,故選C。
25.答案A。
【參考譯文】 在儲蓄和消費模式方面，美國與英國在同一時 期是否相同。
【試題分析】 此題為間接推理題。
【詳細解答】 回答此題的中間項是關(guān)于收入和消費的傳統(tǒng)看 法。 美國的調(diào)查結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)說法不相符,而英國卻一致,因此美國和英國的調(diào)查結(jié)果是不同的, 至于說到哪好哪壞,文中 沒有提到,故此題選A。
2
短文大意
近年來美國家庭規(guī)模已經(jīng)減小，原因之一是生活費用上漲，父母常常負擔孩子的一切花費 ：學費、吃穿及娛樂花費。同時家庭成員之間已不如以前親密。父母離異給父母及孩子都產(chǎn) 生不良影響，單親家庭的孩子常為父母離異而自責且有不安全感，而單親父(母)親須單獨負擔 孩子的感情和心理需要而無暇顧及個人的興趣。單親父母重新組合時，也給孩子帶來麻煩。 然而最近跡象表明情況有所好轉(zhuǎn)，離婚率正在下降，也許美國人已意識到了家庭的重要性。
26.答案C。
【參考譯文】 過去美國家庭規(guī)模傾向于……
【試題分析】 本題為直接尋找答案題。
【詳細解答】 本文第一句話說明了過去美國家庭規(guī)模很大。
27.答案D。
【參考譯文】 對那些負擔孩子花費的父母而言，生活開支增 加是因為……
【試題分析】 本題為直接尋找答案題，考查文章細節(jié)。
【詳細解答】 回答此題要全面,仔細讀文章不難發(fā)現(xiàn),A.孩子 們讀書時間延長;B.孩子們穿著越來越好;C.孩子們花更多的錢在娛樂上。文中說是造成生活消費增長的原因,因此要 選D。
28.答案D。
【參考譯文】 破裂家庭給孩子和父母兩方面帶來什么問題?
【試題分析】 此題為細節(jié)歸納題。
【詳細解答】 這題可用排除法做。本題問破裂的家庭會給孩 子和家長帶來什么困難。文中清楚說明孩子們不安定,因為要往來于父母之中, 孩子們的單親父母得花更多的時間關(guān)心 他們的心理、情緒,除了經(jīng)濟負擔外, 以致他們沒時間去滿足自己的興趣。A父母不管孩子;B 孩子覺得自由; C父母忙于掙錢養(yǎng)活自己,這三項均與文章意見不符, 應(yīng)排除掉,故選D。
29.答案C。
【參考譯文】 據(jù)作者看來，美國未來的家庭狀況會如何?
【試題分析】 此題考查對作者態(tài)度的理解。
【詳細解答】 在文章最后作者指出有跡象表明情況好轉(zhuǎn),諸 如離婚率降低,出生率上升。也許美國人已認識到家庭生活的重要性，我們可以體會到作者對未來美國家庭生活情形是持 樂觀態(tài)度的,所以選C“變好”。
30.答案B。
【參考譯文】 這篇文章的標題可能是什么?
【試題分析】 本題考查本文所涉及的主要話題。
【詳細解答】 縱觀全篇,A.美國兒童;C.美國母親;D.美國父 母, 三項均在文中提到過,但只是一個部分,都是B(美國家庭) 這個主題下的各個分支。而且文章主要還是講述美國家 庭生活的種種,故B 正確。
3
短文大意
這是一篇人物介紹，Albert Schweitzer(1875—1965)，出生于阿爾薩斯(當時屬德國)，他是有名的傳教士，且因為他能演奏風琴而受到人們的尊敬。他很有才干，關(guān)心別人，這使 他開始注意醫(yī)學。他獲得了哲學和音樂的博士學位，他的妻子也對醫(yī)學感興趣而成為護士。 許多人都建議他在歐洲傳教，但他最終還是決定去了非洲，他認為每人都有責任幫助別人。 他尤其關(guān)心受白人剝削的黑人，他自己掙錢購買設(shè)備并在非洲開了一家醫(yī)院。戰(zhàn)爭的威脅， 作為德國公民在世界大戰(zhàn)期間會被關(guān)押的現(xiàn)實，非洲難以忍受的酷熱都絲毫未能阻礙他。
31.答案C。
【參考譯文】 Albert Schweitzer是位人道主義者。
【試題分析】 此題為推理題。
【詳細解答】 此題用排除法。Albert善于演奏風琴,而 不是鋼琴,因此A 不對。他出生于Alsace屬德國一部分,而不是非洲人,所以B不對。 他妻子是護士,而他不是,D也不對,C 說他是人道主義者,與文章意思相符。
32.答案B。
【參考譯文】 他在……方面有才干。
【試題分析】 此題為細節(jié)題。
【詳細解答】 此題用排除法比較好。從文章得知, 他的妻子 是自己對醫(yī)學感興趣而成為了一名護士。A說他訓練妻子成為護士就不對了。C中稱他“ 作為戰(zhàn)士戰(zhàn)斗”,文中沒提到。 事實上他是用錢買設(shè)備,而不是make equipment, 且?guī)椭艘膊粦?yīng)算作是才干,天才范疇， 故D不對。B項中的三點在文章第四句,第六句，倒數(shù)第六句都提到了,所以選B。
33.答案B。
【參考譯文】 盡管人們建議(他在歐洲傳教)，但他決定去非 洲……。
【試題分析】 此題考查文章細節(jié)及對全文的理解。
【詳細解答】 從文中倒數(shù)第七句話來看,Albert感到有責任 幫助他人,尤其是關(guān)心受白人剝削的非洲黑人,所以B項正確。A錯在他出生在德國而不是非洲,C他在非洲舉辦過 音樂會是為了購買設(shè)備和建醫(yī)院幫助他人, 但舉辦音樂會并不是他去非洲的目的,D稱他去非洲是為了掙錢就更不對了。
34.答案D。
【參考譯文】 為什么作者認為他是很有勇氣的人?
【試題分析】 此題考查細節(jié)及全文理解。
【詳細解答】 在文章的倒數(shù)第四句話中, 作者指出他是一個 具有偉大力量的人,進而解釋到他充滿信心面對一切巨大的困難。倒數(shù)第三句又進一步說明戰(zhàn)爭的威脅及非洲難以忍受的 酷熱都沒使他氣餒。所以A,B,C都包括了, 應(yīng)選D。值得注意的是讀者往往看到A就選了A, 沒 有把選題看完整,另外,要清楚deter與discourage是近義詞。
35.答案C。
【參考譯文】 Albert Schweitzer活到多少歲?
【試題分析】 此題為直接的計算題。
【詳細解答】 文章第一句指出他出生于1875, 最后一句他死 于1965,答案只能是C。
4
短文大意
在一個社會中，如果人們在很多方面很相似，那么社會變革就不容易發(fā)生;因為在這樣的 社會中，很少有變革的需要和機會。相反地如果一個社會中人們在很多方面都各不相同，即 在一個混合型的社會里，社會變革就更容易發(fā)生，因為混合人種的社會在觀點、興趣和信仰 方面有更多的分歧。而這種分歧或爭論促進社會變革。類似地，在同一社會內(nèi)部，社會變革在物質(zhì)文化方面比非物質(zhì)文化方面更容易發(fā)生;而且 社會變革更容易逐漸地進行。
36.答案D。
【參考譯文】 哪種社會容易發(fā)生社會變革?
【試題分析】 此題為直接選擇題。
【詳細解答】 文中第一句說明了多種類人的社會容易發(fā)生社 會變革, 故選D。
37.答案D。
【參考譯文】 在混合型社會里，在哪些方面可能存在分歧?
【試題分析】 此題為直接選擇題。
【詳細解答】 文章開頭第三句指出了混合人種的社會在觀點 、興趣、信仰方面有更多的分歧,所以選D。它包括了A,B,C。
38.答案B。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)本文，下面哪項不正確?
【試題分析】 此題為判斷正誤題。
【詳細解答】 A與第二自然段第一句一致。第一自然段前部 分主要說明分歧或爭論會促進社會變革, 所以C 是對的, 第二自然段第五行說得很清楚,social change is also likely to occur in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society.顯然社會變革在社會的基本和情感方面會遇到更多的困難。 因此只有B是不對的。 第二自然段的中間也指出Social change is likely to occur in what has been learned lately in life rather than what was learned early. B的說法正好與此相反。
39.答案C。
【參考譯文】 如果在一個社會中人們在很多方面都相似，那 么社會變革不易發(fā)生，為什么?
【試題分析】 此題為尋找并理解信息題。
【詳細解答】 第一自然段最后一句話說明了雖然情況有時不 盡人意,但這些相似的人們至少是習慣的,并無爭議的。所以C說“人們習慣于他們的情況而很少認為有必要變化”是正確 的。
40.答案B。
【參考譯文】 本文主要討論什么內(nèi)容? 【試題分析】 此題考查文章主旨。
【詳細解答】 綜合全文可以看出所講的主要還是決定社會變 革容易與否的一些因素,并不是社會變革的必要性與重大意義,所以選B。
41.答案B。
【參考譯文】 約翰遜夫婦在決定買下之前先查看了那所房子。
【試題分析】 本題是詞組意義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 look out意思是“當心”或“向外看”，通常作不及物動詞詞組使用;look over是及物動詞詞組，意為“檢查，瀏覽，查看”;look after照料，照看;look on旁觀
【作者建議】此題可用排除法。 42.答案B。
【參考譯文】 為了制磚，工人們把粘土壓成塊狀，然后在磚 窯里燒到必要的硬度。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查非謂語動詞的用法。
【詳細解答】 句子需要的是目的狀語,而D是不能作狀語的。 根據(jù)空白后的賓語bricks,可排除被動形式的being made,又根據(jù)過去分詞短語用作狀語, 很多都說明動作發(fā)生的背景 或情況,所以A不對,而B不定式短語作狀語表行為目的,正合適。
43.答案C。
【參考譯文】 很遺憾我媽媽不想和我一起去百貨商店，要是 她愿意去的話，我會給她買 件毛衣。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查虛擬語氣的倒裝句式。
【詳細解答】 此題是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的句子。原來從句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是If sh e had been willing to go，但此題沒有這樣的答案，只有C，應(yīng)用的是省去If并將had提到 主語之前的形式，A、B、D的形式均不正確。
44.答案B。
【參考譯文】 正是在20世紀20年代海明威與菲茨杰拉德之間 的友誼達到了高峰。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查強調(diào)句型。
【詳細解答】 根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu): It is( was) + 強調(diào)部分+ that 從句,只能選B。
45.答案A。
【參考譯文】 她幾乎不需詳述她的過去。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查倒裝句及助動詞need的用法。
【詳細解答】 此題有兩個考點：①表示否定意義的little放 在句首時，應(yīng)使用倒裝句式，將相應(yīng)的助詞(或be動詞)提到主語前面。②need這個詞既可以作實義動詞，后接動詞不 定式，也可作助動詞，后接動詞原形作謂語，后者尤其用于否定句中，而且need作為助動詞跟其他助動詞一樣，可以提到主語前面，也可直接加not構(gòu)成否定句。根據(jù)此句倒裝要求，A是正確的，B項錯，后面應(yīng)加to，因為如果將did提前則表示need是實義動詞，后接動dwell時，應(yīng)用need to do的形式，另外句中“dwell on”意思是“細思，詳述”。
46.答案C。
【參考譯文】 布朗先生是位可敬的老人，他的鄰居都很尊敬 他。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 respectful尊敬人的;respectable 受人尊敬 的, 值得人尊敬的;respective個別的;responsible有責任的。此句意為“ 布朗先生是一位值得尊敬的老人,鄰居們都很 尊敬他?！憋@然C是正確的。
47.答案C。
【參考譯文】 此刻每個女孩都太忙于考慮自己的人身安全而 沒太留意行李。
【試題分析】 此題考查物主代詞，人稱代詞的所有格形式。
【詳細解答】 物主代詞與each of the girls相對應(yīng)，因此 要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式的所有 格,即her。
48.答案B。
【參考譯文】 在晴朗的日子出去走走，遠離城市喧囂的人群 ，群山將給你無限的寧靜感。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查分詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。
【詳細解答】 此題前一部分的主語是人，指人出去走走，而 后一部分的主語是山，兩部分主語不一致，因此前一部分不能省主語而直接用動詞ing形式，所以只能選B。
49.答案D。
【參考譯文】 冰在這個溫度下融化得很快。
【試題分析】 此題為詞匯題。
【詳細解答】 修飾謂語動詞melted應(yīng)用副詞,而fast即是形 容詞,又是副詞,所以答案是D。
50.答案B。
【參考譯文】 我記得為這項工作我得了報酬，但我忘了具體數(shù)目。
【試題分析】 此題考查動詞remember的搭配。
【詳細解答】 remember后可用動名詞或用不定式作賓語。用 動名詞表示“ 記得做過某事”;用不定式表示“記得去做某件事?！?本句意思是“ 我記得那件工作別人已付了錢給我,但具體多少我已忘了。” “我”與“付錢”是被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動形式,所以選B。 D中的receive是收到的意思, 應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)形式“receiving pay”。
51.答案B。
【參考譯文】 大衛(wèi)的母親星期天很少做家務(wù)，我媽媽也不做。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題考查倒裝句。
【詳細解答】 neither,nor,so位于句首,主謂部分倒裝。謂 語只取與上句一致的助動詞(或情態(tài)動詞),其它謂語部分都省去。neither和nor 都表示否定,so表示肯定。本題中seldom 是否定意義,助動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)形式does,所以選B。D 錯在too( 也) 不能用于否定句。 陳述句中若包含有never, no,hardly,scarcely等詞,則應(yīng)作否定句看待。
52.答案D。
【參考譯文】 無論在哪兒發(fā)現(xiàn)好的行為,他都給予贊揚。
【試題分析】 此題考語法兼詞匯。
【詳細解答】 前半句為狀語從句，wherever意思是無論在什 么地方，相當于no matter where，引導“無條件”的條件狀語從句。
53.答案D。
【參考譯文】 他想知道,他的妻子的反應(yīng)會是什么。
【試題分析】 此句考詞序問題。
【詳細解答】 賓語從句中要用陳述句語序，所以只能選D。
54.答案C。
【參考譯文】 孩子們總不想在適當?shù)臅r候睡覺，他們總是熬 夜到很晚。
【試題分析】 本題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 A表示“占用”;B表示“站起來”;C表示“熬 夜”;D表示“建立”。根據(jù)句 意，只能選C。
55.答案B。
【參考譯文】 約翰一邊走路，一邊看信。
【試題分析】 此題考查連詞as及when的用法區(qū)別。
【詳細解答】 首先,at是介詞，后不能跟從句。for連接句子 時意為“因為”,不符合此句 語境。 when 常表示一個動作緊接著另一動作發(fā)生;as可以表示兩動作同時發(fā)生,不過持續(xù)時 間較短。
56.答案C。
【參考譯文】 他得靠他自己生活，因為他沒有父母可以依靠。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 keep on繼續(xù)做某事; depend on依靠;depend with的搭配不對; C.rely on 依靠;D.go to求助于，促成。
57.答案B。
【參考譯文】 今晚咱們?nèi)タ措娪?，好?
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查附加疑問句的用法。
【詳細解答】 祈使句也可附加疑問句。 謂語形式通常用will, 如果前部分是let’s形式, 附加問句常用shall。
58.答案D。
【參考譯文】 他從不參加舞會, 因為在那里他覺得不自在。
【試題分析】 此題為固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 ill at ease局促不安; at ease舒適的(地), 安心的(地),A、B、C 的表述 均不正確。
59.答案C。
【參考譯文】 這件衣服過去很時興, 但是現(xiàn)在它已過時了。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 out of question沒問題;out of order雜亂無 章; out of date過時; out of place不合適。只有C項符合句意。
60.答案C。
【參考譯文】 因為天氣好，我決定出去郊游。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。
【詳細解答】 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語一般要 與句子的主語一致。如果不一致,在分詞短語前要加上自己的邏輯主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中句子主語是I,所 以應(yīng)加it作分詞being的邏輯主語。
61. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 既然你覺得不舒服, 你還是去看看病。
【試題分析】 此題為語法結(jié)構(gòu)辨析題。
【詳細解答】 had better后應(yīng)接動詞原形,B.必須,語氣太強 烈。sb. would rather do sth.某人寧愿做某事,與本句意思不連貫。might as well+動詞原形,意為“還是……” 。
62.答案B。
【參考譯文】 我只希望回家。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查介詞but后的動詞形式。
【詳細解答】 這里but=except。 but有時接無to 的不定詞 。當but前面有do(did,done,doing)的時候,but后面接沒有to的不定詞。例:I did nothing but go home。如果but前用的是其他動詞,but 后面的不定詞就要加上to。
63.答案A。
【參考譯文】 如果你是像你所說的那樣,我就不想帶你去派 出所了。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 run sb. in逮捕并帶往派出所;be caught in 落入(陷阱),遇雨; make in表達不對;take sth.in吸收,領(lǐng)會。顯然只能選A。
64.答案B。
【參考譯文】 為了避免交通耽擱人們自己開車,而這又產(chǎn)生 了另外的問題。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 after all畢竟; in turn 依次; in case 萬 一,如果; in time及時,只 有B符合題意。
65.答案C。
【參考譯文】 據(jù)說那些老房子拆倒了是為新的辦公大樓讓出 地方。
【試題分析】 本題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 provide for供應(yīng),備辦(生活必需品等); supp ly 提供, 供給;make room for為……留出空間;improve改進。C最合題意。
66.答案D。
【參考譯文】 這位歌手在表演時對觀眾的反應(yīng)很敏感。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 A為“ 多愁善感”的意思; B為“有理智的,可 察覺的”;C為“確實的,明確的”;D為“敏感的,靈敏的”。答案只能是D。
67.答案B。
【參考譯文】 他無法使這群人了解他的意圖。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 get in 收獲; get across解釋清楚,使人了解 ;get along相處;get off下 車,從……下車。
68.答案A。
【參考譯文】 在滂沱大雨中騎車已是很糟的事,但更糟的是 他的車胎放了炮,最后一小時 只能推著自行車走。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 Actually和As a matter of fact意思相同 ,即“實際上……”,“事實上……”,均不合題意。Even though“ 即使,縱然”,表示條件關(guān)系,也不合題意。To make ma tters worse“更糟的是”,有進一步說明和解釋的含義,故選A。
69.答案B。
【參考譯文】 冬天來了,你可以將這些裙子收好直到明年夏 天再用。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 do away with 廢除,put away貯存,留下來(以 后用),get rid of去掉,give away分發(fā),分送。
70. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 雖然我喜歡這帽子的顏色, 可是不喜歡它的式 樣。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查while的用法。
【詳細解答】 while在這里的意思是although(雖然)。除此 之外while 作連詞還可以表示 “當……時候”,或“而(whereas)”。
Part Ⅳ
71.【參考譯文】 一個科學家如果要研究經(jīng)濟心理學,要預(yù)測消費者花錢的方式, 必須研究消費者的行為表現(xiàn)。
【翻譯技巧】 此題需用溶合法(即把原句中的主語與定語從句溶合在一起譯成一個獨立句 子的方法)和前置法(即把從句譯成帶有“的”字的定語詞組，放在被修飾詞之前，從而將復 合句譯成漢語單句的方法)，此外還要注意兼有狀語職能的定語從句的翻譯方法。 【翻譯點評】 本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜，主句的主語A scientist(①)帶有兩個并列的定語從句who does research in economic psychology(②)和who wants to…their money(③)，而后一個定語從句的賓語the way又帶有自己的定語從句in which consumers…their money(④)，主句的謂語是must study(⑤)，賓語是consumer behaviour(⑥)。弄清本句結(jié)構(gòu)后，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個并列的定語從句之間在邏輯上有條件關(guān)系，所以可以加上“如果”;另外，主語A scientist與定語從句溶合在一起來譯，更符合漢語習慣，否則，譯成“想要研究……而且要預(yù)測……的一個科學家”就太瞥腳了。
72.【參考譯文】 人們同時在英國進行了調(diào)查,結(jié)果表明其儲蓄和消費模 式與傳統(tǒng)的假定一致。
【翻譯技巧】 長句短譯法、增詞法、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法。
【翻譯點評】 翻譯時,有時會碰到一個較長的句子,通常是并列或復合句,而從漢語的表達 方式來看,往往句子比較短。因此對較長的句子,有時可以把從句,短語分開翻譯,可適當?shù)卦?加一些詞,譯成相對獨立的短句, 也就是所謂的長句短譯。
73.【參考譯文】 這些單親父母必須關(guān)心孩子們的情感和心理的需求,同 時還得從經(jīng)濟上資助他們。
【翻譯技巧】 分句法(把分詞短語譯成句子)。
【翻譯點評】 while可以表明“當……之時”，“而且”的意思,在此句中它表示兩個同 時發(fā)生的動作,因此可將后面的分詞短語譯成與前面部分相并列的句子。 74.【參考譯文】 戰(zhàn)爭的威脅,作為德國公民在世界大戰(zhàn)期間會被關(guān)押的 現(xiàn)實, 非洲難以忍受的酷熱都絲毫未能阻礙他。
【翻譯技巧】 本句使用“語序調(diào)整法”，并根據(jù)上下文推測 詞義。
【翻譯點評】 此句翻譯時有兩點值得注意:第一,主語是相并列的幾個名詞性短語;第二, 要推測deter的意思。 從此句的前一句“他充滿勇氣地面對一些巨大的困難”。此句接著說 這些困難都完全未能deter他,可以推斷deter是“阻止,制止,阻礙”的意思。 75.【參考譯文】 在一個社會中當人們在很多方面都很相似時,就很少有能 夠發(fā)生變化的需要和機會, 因為似乎一切事物都是千篇一律的。 【翻譯技巧】 注意定語從句的翻譯，使用溶合法并注意將定 語從句適當轉(zhuǎn)換為時間狀語。
【翻譯點評】 此題翻譯時一方面要把where 引導的定語從句翻譯出來, 另一方面此句中there are句型在翻譯時可將for people中的people作后一句的主語來譯。
Part Ⅴ 寫作指導
這是一篇給出各段首句的議論文，要求對每句——即各段的主題句進行適當展開論述。議 論文通常由論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論構(gòu)成。本文已給出三個分論點，要求考生分別寫出論據(jù)、結(jié)論 ，并使三段話形成統(tǒng)一的整體。
第一段主題句意思是：競爭是我們社會生活中常見的現(xiàn)象，抓住Common phenomenon，從生活中找出一些存在競爭的情況，但要注意情況的典型性、普遍性，以便緊扣Common一詞。這一段是引言段，寫好十分重要，考生所給出的競爭現(xiàn)象應(yīng)該與下文具體分析競爭與合作時的論據(jù)、例子有關(guān)系，則全文會顯得不緊湊。
第二段首句“我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)競爭和合作同時并存”，下面的范文就舉了一個恰當?shù)睦樱?在足球比賽時，競爭與合作的對立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系很好地得到證明。
第三段首句是：“提倡競爭的同時，我們不能忘記合作?！边@一段應(yīng)該進一步闡述競爭與 合作的辨證關(guān)系，從而得出結(jié)論：只有在合作的基礎(chǔ)上競爭才能很好地幫助我們實現(xiàn)目標， 滿足我們國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需要。
Sample Writing
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, money and so forth. We can say to some extent, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of society.
We often find competition and cooperation at the same time. Think of a football game. Each team is competing with the other team, but each member of the team is cooperating with his or her teammates. In most cases, we can’t have competition without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.
While we are advocating competition, we can not forget cooperation. Nothing is to be carried to extremes. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures. Only competition together with cooperation helps us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs, especially in modernizing our country.