一、非謂語動詞
“非謂語動詞”可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作謂語外,它可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復(fù)合賓語(主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語).有些及物動詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語.這些動詞歸納如下：一感(feel)．二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing.還有“二讓”屬特殊：get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing.而有些及物動詞后面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語.這些動詞歸納為一句話：Papa C makes friends.這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜：“允許完成練習(xí),建議避免冒險(xiǎn),考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對忍受”.其相對應(yīng)的動詞依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise；
advise／suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape／miss； enjoy／appreciate, keep, imagine； need/want／require,mind． can't help／can’t stand.
二、復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true． (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here． (定語從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that：有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位.因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用.
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)級：which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性).
例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day．
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten．
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home．
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語.而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后.
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動名詞作真正的主語.這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good)；工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger).
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him．
2、It還可以作形式賓語.通常下列動詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject．
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式.要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞.這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory．(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory．(定語從句)
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里,我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.
“非謂語動詞”可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作謂語外,它可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復(fù)合賓語(主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語).有些及物動詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語.這些動詞歸納如下：一感(feel)．二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing.還有“二讓”屬特殊：get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing.而有些及物動詞后面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語.這些動詞歸納為一句話：Papa C makes friends.這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜：“允許完成練習(xí),建議避免冒險(xiǎn),考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對忍受”.其相對應(yīng)的動詞依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise；
advise／suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape／miss； enjoy／appreciate, keep, imagine； need/want／require,mind． can't help／can’t stand.
二、復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true． (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here． (定語從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that：有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位.因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用.
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)級：which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性).
例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day．
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten．
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home．
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語.而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后.
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動名詞作真正的主語.這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good)；工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger).
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him．
2、It還可以作形式賓語.通常下列動詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject．
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式.要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞.這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory．(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory．(定語從句)
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里,我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.