托福聽(tīng)力題開(kāi)頭原則是什么呢？
第一部分：聽(tīng)力開(kāi)頭方式
托福聽(tīng)力包括對(duì)話(huà)和講座兩部分內(nèi)容，對(duì)于對(duì)話(huà)和講座的開(kāi)頭方式并不相同，下面分別介紹一下托福聽(tīng)力開(kāi)頭部分的方式。
1、對(duì)話(huà)：學(xué)生和老師或者是工作人員的先后順序
1)學(xué)生先開(kāi)口說(shuō)：學(xué)生先開(kāi)口，就會(huì)陳述問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容，直接進(jìn)入主題;
2)學(xué)生未開(kāi)口，老師先說(shuō)一件事或一個(gè)問(wèn)題;
3)學(xué)生來(lái)交一個(gè)材料，老師提出另外的一些問(wèn)題;
4)學(xué)生和老師用了很短時(shí)間解決了一個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)題，學(xué)生又問(wèn)了另外的問(wèn)題。
2、講座：主要是教授或者老師針對(duì)一個(gè)話(huà)題展開(kāi)討論
1)課堂回顧式
2)直入主題式
3)背景引入式
4)寒暄離題式
第二部分：聽(tīng)力講座四種開(kāi)頭方式
1)課堂回顧
TPO1-L3
OK, we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. Solet's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plantfibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin witha fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大家可以注意到加粗部分的內(nèi)容，是針對(duì)課程或者課堂內(nèi)容的回顧。課堂回顧是我們聽(tīng)重點(diǎn)的一個(gè)提示而已，我們要關(guān)注的是后邊的內(nèi)容，也就是“本堂課”要注意的內(nèi)容。
課堂回顧式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)上時(shí)或者是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
關(guān)鍵詞：in the last class, today, now, talk about,but.
2)直入主題式
TPO 18-L1
OK, today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set ofdefense mechanisms.
直入主題的開(kāi)頭方式，需要考生集中精力聽(tīng)講座的內(nèi)容，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)聽(tīng)力的有效信息。
直入主題式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者將來(lái)時(shí)
直入主題式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵詞：now, want to talk about,
3)背景引入式
OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role,in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statuesdate back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancientEgypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving onlyin legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to ourown time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek godHelios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-sizestatue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was onething to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds werebeing allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to thinkabout modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their roleas social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—asociety of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of itsresources to erecting them.
背景引入式的開(kāi)頭方式，是聽(tīng)力講座，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)講座的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)。為了引出講座的主題，教授會(huì)在一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，先將一下相關(guān)的背景，循序漸進(jìn)地帶入。
背景引入式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者過(guò)去式
4)寒暄離題式
TPO2-Lecture2
Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected thepopulation to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percenton the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams backtoday, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I wassupposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all theexams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but myflight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in themorning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time wemeet.
寒暄離題式的開(kāi)頭方式比較符合中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化，先是客套一番，然后才進(jìn)入課程的主要內(nèi)容或者是表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)。在遇到這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，一定要注意分別是寒暄部分，還是課程的內(nèi)容部分。
第一部分：聽(tīng)力開(kāi)頭方式
托福聽(tīng)力包括對(duì)話(huà)和講座兩部分內(nèi)容，對(duì)于對(duì)話(huà)和講座的開(kāi)頭方式并不相同，下面分別介紹一下托福聽(tīng)力開(kāi)頭部分的方式。
1、對(duì)話(huà)：學(xué)生和老師或者是工作人員的先后順序
1)學(xué)生先開(kāi)口說(shuō)：學(xué)生先開(kāi)口，就會(huì)陳述問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容，直接進(jìn)入主題;
2)學(xué)生未開(kāi)口，老師先說(shuō)一件事或一個(gè)問(wèn)題;
3)學(xué)生來(lái)交一個(gè)材料，老師提出另外的一些問(wèn)題;
4)學(xué)生和老師用了很短時(shí)間解決了一個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)題，學(xué)生又問(wèn)了另外的問(wèn)題。
2、講座：主要是教授或者老師針對(duì)一個(gè)話(huà)題展開(kāi)討論
1)課堂回顧式
2)直入主題式
3)背景引入式
4)寒暄離題式
第二部分：聽(tīng)力講座四種開(kāi)頭方式
1)課堂回顧
TPO1-L3
OK, we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. Solet's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plantfibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin witha fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大家可以注意到加粗部分的內(nèi)容，是針對(duì)課程或者課堂內(nèi)容的回顧。課堂回顧是我們聽(tīng)重點(diǎn)的一個(gè)提示而已，我們要關(guān)注的是后邊的內(nèi)容，也就是“本堂課”要注意的內(nèi)容。
課堂回顧式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)上時(shí)或者是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
關(guān)鍵詞：in the last class, today, now, talk about,but.
2)直入主題式
TPO 18-L1
OK, today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set ofdefense mechanisms.
直入主題的開(kāi)頭方式，需要考生集中精力聽(tīng)講座的內(nèi)容，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)聽(tīng)力的有效信息。
直入主題式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者將來(lái)時(shí)
直入主題式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵詞：now, want to talk about,
3)背景引入式
OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role,in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statuesdate back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancientEgypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving onlyin legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to ourown time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek godHelios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-sizestatue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was onething to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds werebeing allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to thinkabout modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their roleas social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—asociety of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of itsresources to erecting them.
背景引入式的開(kāi)頭方式，是聽(tīng)力講座，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)講座的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)。為了引出講座的主題，教授會(huì)在一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，先將一下相關(guān)的背景，循序漸進(jìn)地帶入。
背景引入式常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者過(guò)去式
4)寒暄離題式
TPO2-Lecture2
Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected thepopulation to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percenton the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams backtoday, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I wassupposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all theexams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but myflight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in themorning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time wemeet.
寒暄離題式的開(kāi)頭方式比較符合中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化，先是客套一番，然后才進(jìn)入課程的主要內(nèi)容或者是表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)。在遇到這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，一定要注意分別是寒暄部分，還是課程的內(nèi)容部分。