1、******總理談中國(guó)政治體制改革(《華盛頓郵報(bào)》采訪)
A：中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革發(fā)展迅速，使得中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)取得高速增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)是否需要加快政治改革以跟上經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐?
B：China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs.
At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, and greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly, we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strengthen supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure.
China is a big country with 1.3 billion people. So, political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief. Freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites.
Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there’s the Wangfujing Catholic Church. To the south, there’s the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there’s the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Sishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith.
A：今后中國(guó)在政治改革方面還會(huì)有什么步驟?比如說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的直接選舉，是否會(huì)從基層推進(jìn)到鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)?
B: At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships, counties and urban cities without districts. Indirect elections are held for the leadership of the provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a big population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions. So conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The fist hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population.
2、《華盛頓郵報(bào)》總編談中國(guó)
有人說(shuō)，《華盛頓郵報(bào)》經(jīng)常把中國(guó)描繪成一個(gè)“共產(chǎn)主義的****國(guó)家”，那里的人民“沒(méi)有民主，沒(méi)有自由”。他們問(wèn)為什么《華盛頓郵報(bào)》對(duì)這些負(fù)面的字眼如此感興趣?對(duì)此，我不能贊同。首先，包括《華盛頓郵報(bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在內(nèi)，幾乎所有的美國(guó)大報(bào)今天都不再將中國(guó)稱為“****國(guó)家”?！度A盛頓郵報(bào)》已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不再使用這類詞匯了。今天，我們依然稱中國(guó)為“共產(chǎn)黨國(guó)家”，那是因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)事實(shí)，中國(guó)確實(shí)是由共產(chǎn)黨所統(tǒng)治的。
今天，《華盛頓郵報(bào)》正在努力嘗試去理解中國(guó)的復(fù)雜性。去年本報(bào)就發(fā)表了好幾篇有關(guān)中國(guó)市民社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)篇報(bào)道。這些報(bào)道主題多樣，內(nèi)容涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)、工人、政府與個(gè)體的沖突等等。這些報(bào)道全面反映了中國(guó)的復(fù)雜性。
中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，每天都在發(fā)生很多不同的事情，這些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就在短時(shí)間內(nèi)讓成千上萬(wàn)的老百姓脫離貧困，這是人類歷任何其他國(guó)家都望塵莫及的。但同時(shí)中國(guó)也面臨許多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待，看中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人如何解決這些矛盾。
我們都應(yīng)該向中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。中國(guó)對(duì)我們未來(lái)生活的影響將會(huì)越來(lái)越大。在過(guò)去的50年中，美國(guó)發(fā)生的一切影響到了全世界眾多地方。今天，中國(guó)的作用與美國(guó)有異曲同工之妙。 作為正在崛起的經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，中國(guó)將對(duì)世界——包括美國(guó)——發(fā)揮卻來(lái)越大的影響力，尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。中國(guó)人民將很快接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是中國(guó)發(fā)生的事情將對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。
我到過(guò)中國(guó)三次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月，期間我有幸采訪了中國(guó)國(guó)家主席******。第三次是2003年11月，期間我又采訪了中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理******。中國(guó)有令人難以置信的活力，中國(guó)文化也是如此豐富多彩。每次到中國(guó)，我都感覺(jué)自己看到了世界的未來(lái)。中國(guó)是個(gè)極富魅力的國(guó)家。每次到中國(guó)，我都看到學(xué)到了一些新東西。中國(guó)的景色無(wú)與倫比，發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。我認(rèn)為，中國(guó)如何應(yīng)對(duì)今后的挑戰(zhàn)將決定這個(gè)星球的未來(lái)。
我認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有資格來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。每次采訪中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的時(shí)候，我都深切感到他們準(zhǔn)備充分、專注投入、知識(shí)淵博，對(duì)中國(guó)在世界舞臺(tái)上扮演的角色中滿了自信。**【中國(guó)如此龐大，有這么多的問(wèn)題需要對(duì)付，人民貧富差距如此之大，世界上恐怕再也找不出比管理中國(guó)更復(fù)雜的工作了?！窟@比當(dāng)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)難得多，盡管兩者有諸多不同之處。
3、與中國(guó)的理智關(guān)系——霍華德歡迎******訪問(wèn)澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會(huì)
尊敬的眾議長(zhǎng)先生、參議長(zhǎng)先生：
我代表澳大利亞政府及各位議員，熱烈歡迎中華人民共和國(guó)主席******來(lái)到澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會(huì)，同時(shí)也歡迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成員。
毫不夸張地說(shuō)，若是在10年前，這樣的訪問(wèn)活動(dòng)是非常不可能發(fā)生的。同樣，要是在10年前，我也無(wú)法想象作為澳大利亞的總理，我能有機(jī)會(huì)在北京對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨中央黨校的官員做演講。而在2002年，我作為西方中右派政黨的領(lǐng)袖，我確實(shí)這樣做了。
我認(rèn)為，這說(shuō)明了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。這說(shuō)明世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一些變化。這說(shuō)明澳中關(guān)系具有理智的特征，因?yàn)?002年我的訪問(wèn)和今天胡主席的來(lái)訪并沒(méi)有以兩國(guó)犧牲各自獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)為條件。我認(rèn)為澳中關(guān)系是成熟而務(wù)實(shí)的，是以日趨緊密的人員往來(lái)為基礎(chǔ)的。兩國(guó)處于不同的社會(huì)，擁有不同的文化、傳統(tǒng)和歷史，完全沒(méi)有必要回避這一事實(shí)?？梢哉f(shuō)，澳大利亞兩大政治派別的歷屆政府一直努力在兩國(guó)關(guān)系中體現(xiàn)這一事實(shí)，這對(duì)雙方都有巨大而長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的好處。
因此，從這幾點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，澳中關(guān)系是非常成熟和務(wù)實(shí)的關(guān)系。人員往來(lái)是極其重要的，我可以這樣說(shuō)，如今在澳大利亞最普遍的外語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)的一種方言。3%的澳洲人口，也就是超過(guò)55萬(wàn)人，具有中國(guó)血統(tǒng)。就我個(gè)人而言，在我所代表的碧尼龍選區(qū)，13.3%的選民具有中國(guó)血統(tǒng)。澳大利亞的中國(guó)留學(xué)生達(dá)到了34，000人。
……
胡主席、胡夫人，非常歡迎你們的來(lái)訪。感謝你們的到來(lái)，祝你們身體健康。相信你們會(huì)受到澳大利亞人民的熱烈歡迎，他們會(huì)以行動(dòng)展示出他們對(duì)兩國(guó)關(guān)系的重視。
A：中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革發(fā)展迅速，使得中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)取得高速增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)是否需要加快政治改革以跟上經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐?
B：China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs.
At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, and greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly, we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strengthen supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure.
China is a big country with 1.3 billion people. So, political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief. Freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites.
Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there’s the Wangfujing Catholic Church. To the south, there’s the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there’s the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Sishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith.
A：今后中國(guó)在政治改革方面還會(huì)有什么步驟?比如說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的直接選舉，是否會(huì)從基層推進(jìn)到鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)?
B: At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships, counties and urban cities without districts. Indirect elections are held for the leadership of the provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a big population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions. So conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The fist hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population.
2、《華盛頓郵報(bào)》總編談中國(guó)
有人說(shuō)，《華盛頓郵報(bào)》經(jīng)常把中國(guó)描繪成一個(gè)“共產(chǎn)主義的****國(guó)家”，那里的人民“沒(méi)有民主，沒(méi)有自由”。他們問(wèn)為什么《華盛頓郵報(bào)》對(duì)這些負(fù)面的字眼如此感興趣?對(duì)此，我不能贊同。首先，包括《華盛頓郵報(bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在內(nèi)，幾乎所有的美國(guó)大報(bào)今天都不再將中國(guó)稱為“****國(guó)家”?！度A盛頓郵報(bào)》已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不再使用這類詞匯了。今天，我們依然稱中國(guó)為“共產(chǎn)黨國(guó)家”，那是因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)事實(shí)，中國(guó)確實(shí)是由共產(chǎn)黨所統(tǒng)治的。
今天，《華盛頓郵報(bào)》正在努力嘗試去理解中國(guó)的復(fù)雜性。去年本報(bào)就發(fā)表了好幾篇有關(guān)中國(guó)市民社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)篇報(bào)道。這些報(bào)道主題多樣，內(nèi)容涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)、工人、政府與個(gè)體的沖突等等。這些報(bào)道全面反映了中國(guó)的復(fù)雜性。
中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，每天都在發(fā)生很多不同的事情，這些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就在短時(shí)間內(nèi)讓成千上萬(wàn)的老百姓脫離貧困，這是人類歷任何其他國(guó)家都望塵莫及的。但同時(shí)中國(guó)也面臨許多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待，看中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人如何解決這些矛盾。
我們都應(yīng)該向中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。中國(guó)對(duì)我們未來(lái)生活的影響將會(huì)越來(lái)越大。在過(guò)去的50年中，美國(guó)發(fā)生的一切影響到了全世界眾多地方。今天，中國(guó)的作用與美國(guó)有異曲同工之妙。 作為正在崛起的經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，中國(guó)將對(duì)世界——包括美國(guó)——發(fā)揮卻來(lái)越大的影響力，尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。中國(guó)人民將很快接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是中國(guó)發(fā)生的事情將對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。
我到過(guò)中國(guó)三次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月，期間我有幸采訪了中國(guó)國(guó)家主席******。第三次是2003年11月，期間我又采訪了中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理******。中國(guó)有令人難以置信的活力，中國(guó)文化也是如此豐富多彩。每次到中國(guó)，我都感覺(jué)自己看到了世界的未來(lái)。中國(guó)是個(gè)極富魅力的國(guó)家。每次到中國(guó)，我都看到學(xué)到了一些新東西。中國(guó)的景色無(wú)與倫比，發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。我認(rèn)為，中國(guó)如何應(yīng)對(duì)今后的挑戰(zhàn)將決定這個(gè)星球的未來(lái)。
我認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有資格來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。每次采訪中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的時(shí)候，我都深切感到他們準(zhǔn)備充分、專注投入、知識(shí)淵博，對(duì)中國(guó)在世界舞臺(tái)上扮演的角色中滿了自信。**【中國(guó)如此龐大，有這么多的問(wèn)題需要對(duì)付，人民貧富差距如此之大，世界上恐怕再也找不出比管理中國(guó)更復(fù)雜的工作了?！窟@比當(dāng)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)難得多，盡管兩者有諸多不同之處。
3、與中國(guó)的理智關(guān)系——霍華德歡迎******訪問(wèn)澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會(huì)
尊敬的眾議長(zhǎng)先生、參議長(zhǎng)先生：
我代表澳大利亞政府及各位議員，熱烈歡迎中華人民共和國(guó)主席******來(lái)到澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會(huì)，同時(shí)也歡迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成員。
毫不夸張地說(shuō)，若是在10年前，這樣的訪問(wèn)活動(dòng)是非常不可能發(fā)生的。同樣，要是在10年前，我也無(wú)法想象作為澳大利亞的總理，我能有機(jī)會(huì)在北京對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨中央黨校的官員做演講。而在2002年，我作為西方中右派政黨的領(lǐng)袖，我確實(shí)這樣做了。
我認(rèn)為，這說(shuō)明了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。這說(shuō)明世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一些變化。這說(shuō)明澳中關(guān)系具有理智的特征，因?yàn)?002年我的訪問(wèn)和今天胡主席的來(lái)訪并沒(méi)有以兩國(guó)犧牲各自獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)為條件。我認(rèn)為澳中關(guān)系是成熟而務(wù)實(shí)的，是以日趨緊密的人員往來(lái)為基礎(chǔ)的。兩國(guó)處于不同的社會(huì)，擁有不同的文化、傳統(tǒng)和歷史，完全沒(méi)有必要回避這一事實(shí)?？梢哉f(shuō)，澳大利亞兩大政治派別的歷屆政府一直努力在兩國(guó)關(guān)系中體現(xiàn)這一事實(shí)，這對(duì)雙方都有巨大而長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的好處。
因此，從這幾點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，澳中關(guān)系是非常成熟和務(wù)實(shí)的關(guān)系。人員往來(lái)是極其重要的，我可以這樣說(shuō)，如今在澳大利亞最普遍的外語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)的一種方言。3%的澳洲人口，也就是超過(guò)55萬(wàn)人，具有中國(guó)血統(tǒng)。就我個(gè)人而言，在我所代表的碧尼龍選區(qū)，13.3%的選民具有中國(guó)血統(tǒng)。澳大利亞的中國(guó)留學(xué)生達(dá)到了34，000人。
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胡主席、胡夫人，非常歡迎你們的來(lái)訪。感謝你們的到來(lái)，祝你們身體健康。相信你們會(huì)受到澳大利亞人民的熱烈歡迎，他們會(huì)以行動(dòng)展示出他們對(duì)兩國(guó)關(guān)系的重視。