Part A
You will hear a talk.As you listen.answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.
1、聽錄音：
回答1-10題：
Though Paul is disabled, he managed to move around in the house.
TRUE/FALSE
2、Mr Miller enjoys doing things with his own hands.
TRUE/FALSE
3、The front door to his home does not open automatically.
TRUE/FALSE
4、Mr Miller bought his house simply because the fiat he used to live in was too expensive.
TRUE/ FALSE
5、Government buildings often have special paths for those people handicapped.
TRUE/FALSE
6、Paul could reach all the switches because they were originally installed at the right height of him.
TRUE/FALSE
7、Do-it-Yourself has become one of Mr Miller's hobbies.
TRUE/FALSE
8、Mr Miller had known a lot about carpentry and electric wiring before he was engaged in do-it-yourself.
TRUE ! FALSE
9、Mr Miller did changes on the house only for fun.
TRUE/FALSE
10、Mr Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won.
TRUE/FALSE
Part B
You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A，B，C or D.You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
11、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What should one do if he wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning?
A.Change his energy cycle.
B.Overcome his laziness.
C.Get up earlier than usual.
D.Go to bed earlier.
12、 Why does the speaker suggest we rise with a yawn and stretch?
A.Because it will help keep your energy for the day's work.
B.Because it will help you to control your temper early in the day.
C.Because it will help you to concentrate on your routine work.
D.Because it will keep your energy cycle under control all day.
13、 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B.Dr. Kleiman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of a day.
C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
14、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What's the main purpose of the talk?
A.To introduce the concept of inflation.
B.To discuss the causes of inflation.
C.To review yesterday's lecture on inflation.
D.To argue in favor of inflation.
15、 According to the lecture, what is inflation?
A.Rising prices.
B.Fixed income.
C.Real income.
D.Cost of living.
16、 Who benefits most from inflation?
A.Persons who have salaries according to long-term contracts.
B.Persons who own businesses.
C.Persons with old-age pensions.
D.Persons with slow-rising incomes.
17、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What does the speaker mainly discuss7
A.The distribution of different species of amphibians.
B.Possible reasons for reduction in the number of amphibians.
C.The effects of environmental change on the fish industry.
D.Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides.
18、 According to the speaker, how do developers contribute to the reduction of amphibian population?
A.By taking over ponds.
B.By constructing sewers.
C.By building dams on rivers.
D.By flooding marshes.
19、 According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds?
A.They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming.
B.Amphibians release them from their skin.
C.Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds.
D.They are washed into ponds by the rain.
20、 According to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians?
A.Pesticides can cause an amphibian's skin to dry out.
B.Pesticides kill the insects that amphibians depend on for food.
C.Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibian's bodies.
D.Amphibians may eat plants that have been treated with pesticides.
Part C
you will hear a talk.As you listen.you must answer Questions 21-30 by writing by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in'he space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE.
21、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What's the average increase per year of foreign student population in the period between 1985 and 1990 in terms of percentage?
22、 Which area of the world contributed to an increase between 94/95 and 95/96?
23、 When will the speaker talk about the economic and political changes?
24、 What will the speaker discuss first?
25、 According to the figure of the academic year 1995/96, where do the largest number of foreign students come from?
26、 What's the number of students from Malaysia?
27、 Which is the most popular major of study?
28、 What's the pereentage of students in business and management?
29、 In terms of academic levels, in which level do we fred the smallest number?
30、 In brief, what did the speaker talk about?
Section II Use of English (15 minutes)
31、回答31-50題：
The most obvious purpose of advertising is toinform the consumer of available products or services. The second(31)__________is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to themanufacturers than the(32) __________The manufacturers go beyond only tellingconsumers about their products. They also try to per-suade customers to buy the(33) __________by creating a desire (34) __________it. Because ofadvertisement, con-sumers think that they want something that they do not need.After buying something, the purchaser cannot alwaysexplain why it was (35) __________Even (36) __________the purchaser probably does not know why he or she boughtsomething, the manufacturers(37) __________. Manufacturers have analyzed thebusiness of (38) __________ and buying. They know all the differ-ent motivesthat influence a consumer' s purchase--some rational and (39) __________emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (40) __________
Why (41) __________ so many products displayedat the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store manage-ment has some good(42) __________. By the time the customer is (43) __________to pay for a purchase,he or shehas already made rational, thought-out decisions (44) __________ whathe or she needs and wants to buy. The(45) __________ __ feels that he or shehas done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especiallyvulnerableat this point. The (46) __________ of candy, chewing gum, andmagazines are very attractive. They persuade thepurchaser to buy something foremotional, not (47) __________motives. For example, the customer neither needsnorplans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to paymoney, he or she may suddenly decide to buy(48) __________This is exactly (49) __________thestore and the manufacturer hope that the customer will(50) __________. Thecustomer follows his or her plan.
__________
32、 __________
33、 __________
34、 __________
35、 __________
36、 __________
37、 __________
38、 __________
39、 __________
40、 __________
41、 __________
42、 __________
43、 __________
44、 __________
45、 __________
46、 __________
47、 __________
48、 __________
49、 __________
50、 __________
Section III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes) 其中，第66-70題，每題2分。
51、回答51-80題：
Text 1
Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.
What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem.Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even ifyour application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his familylife or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions for-bidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.
Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must havepowers of concentration( since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable cour-age. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-knowncase of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aero-nautical qualifications and experience.
A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Onlyone of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard,America's first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age isthe late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Chal-lenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.
In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts' record in this respect hits you in theeye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hardto tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection processdemands that a candidate should be happily married.
The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas.You would expect them to f'md their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not the case. Rath-er, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fedup with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as nor-mal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.
As for the astronauts' political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.
Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, Because they are __________
A.his own business and privacy
B.secrets as far as interviews are concerned
C.the property of an American magazine
D.the first-rate national confidential information
52、 To audience, the typical American astronaut __________
A.has a limited vocabulary
B.is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy
C.can't understand a sophisticated joke
D.is well-built but rather slow-witted
53、 In politics, astronauts are generally__________
A.democrats
B.republicans
C.conservatives
D.communists
54、 The phrase" talking shop" ( Line 4, Para. 6 ) probably means __________
A.talking about shopping
B.discussing one's work with colleagues
C.exchanging personal news
D.talking with friends in a group
55、 Which of the statements is NOT true?
A.Astronauts have a good job which demands high.
B.The divorce rate in NASA is very low.
C.The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.
D.There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.
56、回答56-85題：
Text 2
Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would de-stroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the his-toric practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice,more of a curse than a blessing.
Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women' s needs andabilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Sec-ond World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thusmaking room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily orweekly work hours of women conveuiently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hourswere a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired,refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of "protecting" their health. By validating such laws whenthey are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageousemployment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women"s competitiveness on the job market. At the sametime, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs ofwomen. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans thatcover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and Childbirth.
Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actuallyin the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufac-turers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of anyactual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic e-nough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Pro-tectiv~ laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit allemployees without discriminating against any.
In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory.and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislatorsshould recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs--good health care, a decent wage,and a safe workplace--are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women's rights for equalprotection in employment.
According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?
A.Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.
B.Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.
C.Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.
D.The health of most women factory workers improved.
57、 According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most help-ful in determining the value of special .protective labor legislation for women?
A.A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.
B.An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.
C.An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.
D.An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.
58、 The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are__________
A.unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws
B.harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection
C.not worth preserving even though they do represent a hardwon legacy of the labor movement
D.controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require
59、 The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?
A.They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.
B.They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.
C.They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male em-ployees, not for female employees.
D.They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adeqately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.
60、 According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?
A.They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.
B.They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making it less likely that women will be hired.
C.They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.
D.They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.
Text 3
Before a big exam, a sound night's sleep will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is thefolk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studiescannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is whenpermanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night,to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after adecade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. Theparticular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brainand body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as i!watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that peopleare most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task duringthe day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, inresponse to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster.What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as"artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was presen!than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn ( i. e. the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing thebutton) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuliwould be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposedto unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactiva-tion during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, onthe eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the nextday are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to__________
A.how dreams are modified in their courses
B.the difference between sleep and wakefulness
C.why sleep is of great benefit to memory
D.the functions of a good night' s sleep
62、 As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by__________
A.intensely active bralnwave traces
B.subjects' quicker response times
C.complicated memory patterns
D.revival of events in the previous day
63、 By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show__________
A.its significance in the study
B.an inherent pattern being learnt
C.its resemblance to the lights
D.the importance of a night' s sleep
64、 tn their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of__________
A.exposing a long-held folk wisdom
B.clarifying the predictions on dreams
C.making contrasts and comparisons
D.correlating effects with their causes
65、 What advice might Maquet give to those who have a crucial test the next day?
A.Memorizing grammar with great efforts.
B.Study textbooks with close attention.
C.Have their brain images recorded.
D.Enjoy their sleep at night soundly.
66、回答66-95題：
Periodically in history, there come periods of great transition in which work changes its meaning. There was atime, perhaps 10,000 years ago, when human beings stopped feeding themselves by hunting game and gatheringplants, and increasingly turned to agriculture. In a way, that represented the invention of "work".
Then, in the latter decades of the 18th century, as the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, there wasanother transition in which the symbols of work were no longer the hoe and the plow; they were replaced by the milland the assembly line.
66._______________
With the Industrial Revolution, machinery--powered first by steam, then by electricity and internal combustion engines--took over the hard physical tasks and relieved the strain on human and animal muscles.
67._______________
And yet, such jobs have been characteristic of the human condition in the first three-quarters of the 20th centu-ry. They' ve made too little demand on the human mind and spirit to keep them fresh and alive, made too much de-mand for any machine to serve the purpose until now.
The electronic computer, invented in the 1940' s and improved at breakneck speed, was a machine that, for thefirst time, seemed capable of doing work that had until then been the preserve of the human mind. With the coming ofthe microchip in the 1970' s, computers became compact enough, versatile enough and (most important of all) cheapenough to serve as the brains of affordable machines that could take their place on the assembly line and in the office.
68._______________
First, what will happen to the human beings who have been working at these disappearing jobs?
Second, where will we get the human beings that will do the new jobs that will appear--jobs that are deman-ding, interesting and mind-exercising, but that requires a high-tech level of thought and education?
69._______________
The first problem, that of technological unemployment, will be temporary, for it will arise out of the fact thatthere is now a generation of employees who have not been educated to fit the computer age. However, (in advancednations, at least) they will be the last generation to be so lacking, so that with them this problem will disappear or,at least, diminish to the point of non-crisis proportions.
The second problem--that of developing a large enough number of high-tech minds to run a high-tech world-will be no problem at all, once we adjust our thinking.
70._______________
Right now, creativity seems to be confined to a very few, and it is easy to suppose that that is the way it must be.
However, with the proper availability of computerized education, humanity will surprise the elite few once again.
_______________
A.There remained, however, the "easier" labor--the labor that required the human eyes, ears, judgment andmind but no sweating. It nevertheless had its miseries, for it tended to be dull, repetitious, and boring.And there is always the sour sense of endlessly doing something unpleasant under compulsion.
B.For one thing, much of human effort that is today put into "running the world" will be unnecessary. Withcomputers, robots and automation, a great dead of the daily grind will appear to be running itself. This isnothing startling. It is a trend that ha been rapidly on its way ever since World War]I.
C.And now we stand at the brink of a change that will be the greatest of all, for work in its old sense will dis-appear altogether. To most people, work has always been an effortful exercising of mind or body--com-pelled by the bitter necessity of earning the necessities of life--plus an occasional period of leisure in whichto rest or have fun.
D.Clearly there will be a painful period of transition, one that is starting already, and one that will be in full swing as the 21st century begins.
E.In the first place, the computer age will introduce a total revolution in our notions of education, and is begin-ning to do so now. The coming of the computer will make learning fun, and a successfully stimulated mindwill learn quickly. It will undoubtedly turn out that the "average" child is much more intelligent and creativethan we generally suppose. There was a time, after all, when the ability to read and write was confined to avery small group of "scholars" and almost all of them would have scouted the notion that just about anyonecould learn the intricacies of literacy. Yet with mass education general literacy came to be a fact.
You will hear a talk.As you listen.answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.
1、聽錄音：
回答1-10題：
Though Paul is disabled, he managed to move around in the house.
TRUE/FALSE
2、Mr Miller enjoys doing things with his own hands.
TRUE/FALSE
3、The front door to his home does not open automatically.
TRUE/FALSE
4、Mr Miller bought his house simply because the fiat he used to live in was too expensive.
TRUE/ FALSE
5、Government buildings often have special paths for those people handicapped.
TRUE/FALSE
6、Paul could reach all the switches because they were originally installed at the right height of him.
TRUE/FALSE
7、Do-it-Yourself has become one of Mr Miller's hobbies.
TRUE/FALSE
8、Mr Miller had known a lot about carpentry and electric wiring before he was engaged in do-it-yourself.
TRUE ! FALSE
9、Mr Miller did changes on the house only for fun.
TRUE/FALSE
10、Mr Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won.
TRUE/FALSE
Part B
You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A，B，C or D.You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
11、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What should one do if he wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning?
A.Change his energy cycle.
B.Overcome his laziness.
C.Get up earlier than usual.
D.Go to bed earlier.
12、 Why does the speaker suggest we rise with a yawn and stretch?
A.Because it will help keep your energy for the day's work.
B.Because it will help you to control your temper early in the day.
C.Because it will help you to concentrate on your routine work.
D.Because it will keep your energy cycle under control all day.
13、 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B.Dr. Kleiman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of a day.
C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
14、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What's the main purpose of the talk?
A.To introduce the concept of inflation.
B.To discuss the causes of inflation.
C.To review yesterday's lecture on inflation.
D.To argue in favor of inflation.
15、 According to the lecture, what is inflation?
A.Rising prices.
B.Fixed income.
C.Real income.
D.Cost of living.
16、 Who benefits most from inflation?
A.Persons who have salaries according to long-term contracts.
B.Persons who own businesses.
C.Persons with old-age pensions.
D.Persons with slow-rising incomes.
17、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What does the speaker mainly discuss7
A.The distribution of different species of amphibians.
B.Possible reasons for reduction in the number of amphibians.
C.The effects of environmental change on the fish industry.
D.Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides.
18、 According to the speaker, how do developers contribute to the reduction of amphibian population?
A.By taking over ponds.
B.By constructing sewers.
C.By building dams on rivers.
D.By flooding marshes.
19、 According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds?
A.They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming.
B.Amphibians release them from their skin.
C.Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds.
D.They are washed into ponds by the rain.
20、 According to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians?
A.Pesticides can cause an amphibian's skin to dry out.
B.Pesticides kill the insects that amphibians depend on for food.
C.Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibian's bodies.
D.Amphibians may eat plants that have been treated with pesticides.
Part C
you will hear a talk.As you listen.you must answer Questions 21-30 by writing by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in'he space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE.
21、聽錄音，回答以下問題。
What's the average increase per year of foreign student population in the period between 1985 and 1990 in terms of percentage?
22、 Which area of the world contributed to an increase between 94/95 and 95/96?
23、 When will the speaker talk about the economic and political changes?
24、 What will the speaker discuss first?
25、 According to the figure of the academic year 1995/96, where do the largest number of foreign students come from?
26、 What's the number of students from Malaysia?
27、 Which is the most popular major of study?
28、 What's the pereentage of students in business and management?
29、 In terms of academic levels, in which level do we fred the smallest number?
30、 In brief, what did the speaker talk about?
Section II Use of English (15 minutes)
31、回答31-50題：
The most obvious purpose of advertising is toinform the consumer of available products or services. The second(31)__________is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to themanufacturers than the(32) __________The manufacturers go beyond only tellingconsumers about their products. They also try to per-suade customers to buy the(33) __________by creating a desire (34) __________it. Because ofadvertisement, con-sumers think that they want something that they do not need.After buying something, the purchaser cannot alwaysexplain why it was (35) __________Even (36) __________the purchaser probably does not know why he or she boughtsomething, the manufacturers(37) __________. Manufacturers have analyzed thebusiness of (38) __________ and buying. They know all the differ-ent motivesthat influence a consumer' s purchase--some rational and (39) __________emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (40) __________
Why (41) __________ so many products displayedat the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store manage-ment has some good(42) __________. By the time the customer is (43) __________to pay for a purchase,he or shehas already made rational, thought-out decisions (44) __________ whathe or she needs and wants to buy. The(45) __________ __ feels that he or shehas done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especiallyvulnerableat this point. The (46) __________ of candy, chewing gum, andmagazines are very attractive. They persuade thepurchaser to buy something foremotional, not (47) __________motives. For example, the customer neither needsnorplans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to paymoney, he or she may suddenly decide to buy(48) __________This is exactly (49) __________thestore and the manufacturer hope that the customer will(50) __________. Thecustomer follows his or her plan.
__________
32、 __________
33、 __________
34、 __________
35、 __________
36、 __________
37、 __________
38、 __________
39、 __________
40、 __________
41、 __________
42、 __________
43、 __________
44、 __________
45、 __________
46、 __________
47、 __________
48、 __________
49、 __________
50、 __________
Section III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes) 其中，第66-70題，每題2分。
51、回答51-80題：
Text 1
Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.
What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem.Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even ifyour application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his familylife or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions for-bidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.
Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must havepowers of concentration( since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable cour-age. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-knowncase of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aero-nautical qualifications and experience.
A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Onlyone of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard,America's first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age isthe late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Chal-lenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.
In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts' record in this respect hits you in theeye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hardto tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection processdemands that a candidate should be happily married.
The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas.You would expect them to f'md their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not the case. Rath-er, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fedup with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as nor-mal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.
As for the astronauts' political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.
Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, Because they are __________
A.his own business and privacy
B.secrets as far as interviews are concerned
C.the property of an American magazine
D.the first-rate national confidential information
52、 To audience, the typical American astronaut __________
A.has a limited vocabulary
B.is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy
C.can't understand a sophisticated joke
D.is well-built but rather slow-witted
53、 In politics, astronauts are generally__________
A.democrats
B.republicans
C.conservatives
D.communists
54、 The phrase" talking shop" ( Line 4, Para. 6 ) probably means __________
A.talking about shopping
B.discussing one's work with colleagues
C.exchanging personal news
D.talking with friends in a group
55、 Which of the statements is NOT true?
A.Astronauts have a good job which demands high.
B.The divorce rate in NASA is very low.
C.The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.
D.There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.
56、回答56-85題：
Text 2
Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would de-stroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the his-toric practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice,more of a curse than a blessing.
Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women' s needs andabilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Sec-ond World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thusmaking room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily orweekly work hours of women conveuiently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hourswere a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired,refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of "protecting" their health. By validating such laws whenthey are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageousemployment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women"s competitiveness on the job market. At the sametime, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs ofwomen. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans thatcover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and Childbirth.
Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actuallyin the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufac-turers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of anyactual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic e-nough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Pro-tectiv~ laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit allemployees without discriminating against any.
In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory.and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislatorsshould recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs--good health care, a decent wage,and a safe workplace--are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women's rights for equalprotection in employment.
According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?
A.Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.
B.Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.
C.Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.
D.The health of most women factory workers improved.
57、 According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most help-ful in determining the value of special .protective labor legislation for women?
A.A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.
B.An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.
C.An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.
D.An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.
58、 The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are__________
A.unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws
B.harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection
C.not worth preserving even though they do represent a hardwon legacy of the labor movement
D.controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require
59、 The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?
A.They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.
B.They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.
C.They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male em-ployees, not for female employees.
D.They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adeqately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.
60、 According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?
A.They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.
B.They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making it less likely that women will be hired.
C.They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.
D.They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.
Text 3
Before a big exam, a sound night's sleep will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is thefolk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studiescannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is whenpermanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night,to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after adecade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. Theparticular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brainand body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as i!watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that peopleare most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task duringthe day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, inresponse to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster.What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as"artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was presen!than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn ( i. e. the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing thebutton) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuliwould be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposedto unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactiva-tion during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, onthe eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the nextday are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to__________
A.how dreams are modified in their courses
B.the difference between sleep and wakefulness
C.why sleep is of great benefit to memory
D.the functions of a good night' s sleep
62、 As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by__________
A.intensely active bralnwave traces
B.subjects' quicker response times
C.complicated memory patterns
D.revival of events in the previous day
63、 By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show__________
A.its significance in the study
B.an inherent pattern being learnt
C.its resemblance to the lights
D.the importance of a night' s sleep
64、 tn their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of__________
A.exposing a long-held folk wisdom
B.clarifying the predictions on dreams
C.making contrasts and comparisons
D.correlating effects with their causes
65、 What advice might Maquet give to those who have a crucial test the next day?
A.Memorizing grammar with great efforts.
B.Study textbooks with close attention.
C.Have their brain images recorded.
D.Enjoy their sleep at night soundly.
66、回答66-95題：
Periodically in history, there come periods of great transition in which work changes its meaning. There was atime, perhaps 10,000 years ago, when human beings stopped feeding themselves by hunting game and gatheringplants, and increasingly turned to agriculture. In a way, that represented the invention of "work".
Then, in the latter decades of the 18th century, as the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, there wasanother transition in which the symbols of work were no longer the hoe and the plow; they were replaced by the milland the assembly line.
66._______________
With the Industrial Revolution, machinery--powered first by steam, then by electricity and internal combustion engines--took over the hard physical tasks and relieved the strain on human and animal muscles.
67._______________
And yet, such jobs have been characteristic of the human condition in the first three-quarters of the 20th centu-ry. They' ve made too little demand on the human mind and spirit to keep them fresh and alive, made too much de-mand for any machine to serve the purpose until now.
The electronic computer, invented in the 1940' s and improved at breakneck speed, was a machine that, for thefirst time, seemed capable of doing work that had until then been the preserve of the human mind. With the coming ofthe microchip in the 1970' s, computers became compact enough, versatile enough and (most important of all) cheapenough to serve as the brains of affordable machines that could take their place on the assembly line and in the office.
68._______________
First, what will happen to the human beings who have been working at these disappearing jobs?
Second, where will we get the human beings that will do the new jobs that will appear--jobs that are deman-ding, interesting and mind-exercising, but that requires a high-tech level of thought and education?
69._______________
The first problem, that of technological unemployment, will be temporary, for it will arise out of the fact thatthere is now a generation of employees who have not been educated to fit the computer age. However, (in advancednations, at least) they will be the last generation to be so lacking, so that with them this problem will disappear or,at least, diminish to the point of non-crisis proportions.
The second problem--that of developing a large enough number of high-tech minds to run a high-tech world-will be no problem at all, once we adjust our thinking.
70._______________
Right now, creativity seems to be confined to a very few, and it is easy to suppose that that is the way it must be.
However, with the proper availability of computerized education, humanity will surprise the elite few once again.
_______________
A.There remained, however, the "easier" labor--the labor that required the human eyes, ears, judgment andmind but no sweating. It nevertheless had its miseries, for it tended to be dull, repetitious, and boring.And there is always the sour sense of endlessly doing something unpleasant under compulsion.
B.For one thing, much of human effort that is today put into "running the world" will be unnecessary. Withcomputers, robots and automation, a great dead of the daily grind will appear to be running itself. This isnothing startling. It is a trend that ha been rapidly on its way ever since World War]I.
C.And now we stand at the brink of a change that will be the greatest of all, for work in its old sense will dis-appear altogether. To most people, work has always been an effortful exercising of mind or body--com-pelled by the bitter necessity of earning the necessities of life--plus an occasional period of leisure in whichto rest or have fun.
D.Clearly there will be a painful period of transition, one that is starting already, and one that will be in full swing as the 21st century begins.
E.In the first place, the computer age will introduce a total revolution in our notions of education, and is begin-ning to do so now. The coming of the computer will make learning fun, and a successfully stimulated mindwill learn quickly. It will undoubtedly turn out that the "average" child is much more intelligent and creativethan we generally suppose. There was a time, after all, when the ability to read and write was confined to avery small group of "scholars" and almost all of them would have scouted the notion that just about anyonecould learn the intricacies of literacy. Yet with mass education general literacy came to be a fact.