1….(結果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 為分詞結構]
2….(結果)…, attributable to(原因) [attributable to為形容詞短語]
3….(結果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位語從句 ]
4….(結果)result from(原因) [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because (原因)…that (導致結果)… [強調結構]
6. …, as a result, …(導致結果)… [as a result做插入語]
7. (原因)be responsible for(結果) [常見句型]
8. (原因)，which in turn(結果) eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.