新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(二十)
1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) ……
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
賓格 me us you you her/him/it them
代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are
be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were
2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look--looks
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch--catches
規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly--flies
4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
規(guī)則一 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
規(guī)則二 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
規(guī)則三 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop--stopping
5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化
規(guī)則一 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play--played
規(guī)則二 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive--arrived
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped,
過(guò)去式的讀音
在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)
比較級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier,
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter,
形容詞和副詞的級(jí)
級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicet
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常見(jiàn)縮寫(xiě)：
is=’s I am=I’m are=’re
is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/
do not=don’t
does not=doesn’t
was=’s
did not=didn’t
can not=can’t
have=’ve
has=’s
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
will=’ll
will not=won’t
shall not=shan’t
1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) ……
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
賓格 me us you you her/him/it them
代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are
be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were
2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look--looks
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch--catches
規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly--flies
4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
規(guī)則一 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
規(guī)則二 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
規(guī)則三 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop--stopping
5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化
規(guī)則一 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play--played
規(guī)則二 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive--arrived
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped,
過(guò)去式的讀音
在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)
比較級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier,
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter,
形容詞和副詞的級(jí)
級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicet
規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest
規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常見(jiàn)縮寫(xiě)：
is=’s I am=I’m are=’re
is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/
do not=don’t
does not=doesn’t
was=’s
did not=didn’t
can not=can’t
have=’ve
has=’s
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
will=’ll
will not=won’t
shall not=shan’t