2016年托福閱讀詞匯題不丟分的秘訣

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托福閱讀中詞匯題的比重不算小,但是并非所有人都能在這種題型上不丟分。那么如何準(zhǔn)確把握托福閱讀中的詞匯題,今天就帶領(lǐng)大家對(duì)托福詞匯題做個(gè)總結(jié)分析。
    1. 下定義
    大家都知道托福閱讀的文章是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)文章,難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),但是為了公平起見(jiàn),ETS會(huì)默認(rèn)大家的基礎(chǔ)都是一樣的——傻白甜,所以會(huì)直接給出解釋?zhuān)阅銜?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)題目中出現(xiàn)了不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的現(xiàn)象,第一段一定會(huì)給出解釋。
    例:The story of the westward movement of population in the UnitedStates is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture—ofthe development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivationof wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. 這是TPO20 Westward Migration 的第一句。這句話用一個(gè)很不顯眼的詞 is來(lái)下定義,我們要注意閱讀中下定義的情況多數(shù)會(huì)以主系表的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。
    2. 插入語(yǔ)
    之前我們講到ETS默認(rèn)大家對(duì)于話題都沒(méi)有基礎(chǔ),所以就會(huì)好心的幫大家解釋一下,但往往會(huì)好心辦壞事。他們不管這個(gè)句子是否完整,只要他們覺(jué)得單詞有必要解釋就會(huì)任性的給出解釋?zhuān)@就是文章中多出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)的原因,使得本就模糊的句子更加看不懂了。
    例:Acroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots mistedwith a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil. 這句話中“a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted witha nutrient solution”就是插入語(yǔ)對(duì)前面的Acroponics進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)茌p松地了解Acroponics是無(wú)土栽培的一種技術(shù)。
    3. 邏輯關(guān)系
    我們?cè)谠~匯題中用到的句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要是轉(zhuǎn)折和并列,透露了兩句之間表達(dá)意思的方向性是否一致。我們可以通過(guò)已知信息,根據(jù)句意的正反推測(cè)另外半句的意思。
    并列關(guān)系:and,as well as, similarly,equally,or……
    轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but, however, instead, by contrast, on the other hand……
    例:The terrestrial worldis green now, but it did not start out that way. When plants first made thetransition ashore more than 400 million years ago, the land was barren and desolate, barren一致:(of land) not good enough to produce crops。
    4. 同級(jí)修飾
    同級(jí)修飾這個(gè)概念不管是在托福還是雅思甚至是GRE中都有涉及,這也是幫助我們解決詞匯題的好方法。同級(jí)修飾指對(duì)某個(gè)部分(名詞居多)有多個(gè)修飾成分修飾,這些修飾成分意思相似,或者某一成分之后出現(xiàn)了補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
    例:Offshore platforms mayalso lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul thebeaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field maysubside as oil is removed.
    在這句話中“creating oil slicks that drift ashore”很明顯是對(duì)之前l(fā)ose oil的說(shuō)明,考察詞匯foul之后也出現(xiàn)了同級(jí)修飾harming the environment,所以我們就可以推斷出foul的意思了。