新概念英語第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀Lesson 40

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Lesson 40 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.next to, 挨著。
    它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:
    Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
    開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
    There's a field/shop next to our house.
    我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
    2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴肅的女人,穿一件緊身的黑衣服。
    (1)unsmiling的反義詞為smiling(微笑的,喜氣洋洋的)。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意 義:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真實的)/untrue(不真實的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(無趣味的,乏味的)。
    (2)in在這里表示“穿著”、“戴著”:
    A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
    有位穿藍衣服的小伙子在找您。
    3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
    take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:
    Please take a seat.
    請坐。
    take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:
    After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
    大家各自就座后,會議/宴會便開始了。
    4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子,不一會兒就忙著吃起來了。
    (1)fix常用的意思為“使……固定”、“安裝”:
    she fixed a handle on the door.
    她在門上安了個把手。
    fix on的含義之一為“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯著”:
    He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
    他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
    (2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙著做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
    They are busy (in) repairing the car.
    他們正忙著修車。
    We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
    我們都在忙著為演出進行準備。
    5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點,少說點……   在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng),more與less對應(yīng)。再如:
    You can either go out or stay here.
    你出去也行,呆在這里也行。
    He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
    他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少。
    語法 Grammar in use
    第2類條件句
    在第16課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:
    You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
    你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
    第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時,談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動詞原形,推測想像的結(jié)果:
    If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
    如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。
    盡管第2類條件句使用過去時,卻并非指過去的時間,所以,if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實的過去”。
    第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。試比較:
    If you went by train,you would get there earlier.
    如果你坐火車去。你或許會早些到那兒。
    If you go by train,you will get there earlier.
    如果你坐火車去,你就會到得早些。
    不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情:
    If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
    如果我的腿再長一點兒,我就能跑得更快了。
    在后一個例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實情況的差別也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.
    如果他準備好了,我就去。
    if I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:
    If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
    如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.make vt., vi.
    及物動詞make的原義為“制造”,但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:
    I tried to make conversation.
    我試圖找個話題。
    If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
    如果你愿意,今天早上我來鋪床。
    Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
    我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
    He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
    他保證一星期后將書還回來。
    If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
    你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。
    He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
    他很刻苦,但他進步甚小。
    He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
    他掙錢多,花錢也多。
    Can you make a speech for our students?
    您能為我們的學(xué)生演講嗎?
    I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
    我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個大錯誤。
    在表示“下定決心”、“拿定王意”時要用詞組make up one's mind:
    Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
    你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?   2.do vt.
    與make一樣,完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:
    I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
    我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。
    After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
    你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
    Would you please do me a favour?
    請幫個忙好嗎?
    I did a few jobs about the house.
    我干了點家務(wù)活。
    I did a lot of work around the house.
    我干了許多家務(wù)活。
    Can you do any more work today?
    你今天還能再干點活嗎?
    We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
    我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
    That shop does very good business.
    那家商店的生意很好。
    do 還可以與動名詞連用:
    We did all our shopping yesterday.
    我們昨天把東西都買了。
    I do a lot of swimming.
    我常常游泳。
    I did some reading this afternoon.
    今天下午我讀了點書。