新概念英語第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀Lesson 51

字號(hào):

Lesson 51 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.…but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.……但是近來情況變得越發(fā)糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食。
    (1)things(要用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以表示“情況”、“情形”、“狀況”、“形勢”等含義:
    You've surely made things worse.
    你確實(shí)使情況變得更糟了。
    How are things going on with you?
    你那里情況如何?
    (2)get作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“變得”:
    I got interested in French.
    我(變得)對(duì)法語感興趣了。
    I got angry with him.
    我(變得)對(duì)他很生氣。
    (3)diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調(diào)節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時(shí)通常與on連用:
    The doctor put him on a strict diet.
    醫(yī)生讓他嚴(yán)格控制飲食。
    She is on a diet.
    她正在節(jié)食。
    I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
    我曾經(jīng)節(jié)食過一周,然后就放棄了。   2.First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.首先,他開列了一張長長的單子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
    (1)first of all為固定短語,表示“首先”、“第一”:
    First of all I must see your passport.
    首先我必須看一下你的護(hù)照。
    (2)write out這個(gè)短語表示“(正式)寫”、“寫出”或“全部寫出”:
    You should write out a report.
    你應(yīng)該寫一份報(bào)告。   3.The list included most of the things Hugh loves…這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的……
    It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
    里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
    include和contain都有“包含”的意思,但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物,include則只表示其中的一部分:
    It included three bags of sweets.
    其中有3袋糖果。(另外還有其他東西)
    contain的主語通常為某個(gè)容器,include則含義更廣:
    Does the bill include a tip?
    賬單包括小費(fèi)嗎?
    We're including you in our team.
    我們把你列為我們隊(duì)中的一員了。   4.Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他。
    pay a visit to sb. 表示“拜訪某人”:
    I paid a visit to Jane the other day.
    前幾天我去看望了簡。
    5.…Hugh was still as fat as ever.……休仍和往常一樣胖。
    as ever是as he ever was的省略形式。as…as ever這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“照舊”、“依然”:
    He is as strong as ever.
    他依然那么強(qiáng)壯。   6.It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.顯然他感到很尷尬。
    it為先行主語,真正的句子主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句,它在句子中起名詞的作用。從句作主語時(shí)通常前面用先行主語it,以免句子看上去頭重腳輕:
    It is certain now that he'll come on Monday.
    現(xiàn)在可以肯定他星期一將會(huì)來。   語法 Grammar in use
    一般過去時(shí)
    在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時(shí)。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候通常要有明確的時(shí)間狀語,隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時(shí)間狀語;如果不加before, after等詞語,過去的動(dòng)作就被認(rèn)為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
    One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
    一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風(fēng)暴。天將黑時(shí),小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進(jìn)了海里。   與一般過去時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞是once和recently:
    I went on an excursion recently.
    近我作了短途旅行。
    recently在表示“近一段時(shí)期”時(shí)也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用:
    I haven't heard from him recently.
    我近沒有收到他的信。
    一般過去時(shí)也可以用于時(shí)間狀語從句中:
    When did she haer a noise?
    她什么時(shí)候聽到響聲的?
    She heard it when she walked forward.
    她在向前走時(shí)聽到的。
    一般過去時(shí)可以用于與近的打算比較時(shí):
    Are they going to see a film?
    他們打算看一場電影嗎?
    I don't expect so.They saw one last week.
    我想他們不會(huì)。他們上個(gè)星期剛看過。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.raise與rise
    (1)raise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能作及物動(dòng)詞,即它必須跟賓語。它可以表示“舉起”、“往上提”、“使……升高”等含義:
    Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
    請(qǐng)那些同意我的人舉起手來好嗎?
    Why did they raise prices?
    他們?yōu)槭裁刺岣呶飪r(jià)?
    (2)rise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“起立”、“起床”、“(日、月等)升起”等含義:
    You're still in bed and the sun has already risen!
    你還在床上,太陽已經(jīng)升起來了!
    I used to rise at half past six.
    我過去常常6點(diǎn)半起床。
    All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
    老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)所有的學(xué)生都起立。   2.lay與lie
    (1)lay的過去式與過去分詞均為laid。它通常為及物動(dòng)詞,表示“置”、“擱”、“鋪”、“準(zhǔn)備”等:   Please lay the book open on the desk.
    請(qǐng)把書打開放在書桌上。
    I laid your clothes on the bed so yon could put them away.
    我把你的衣服放在床上了,這樣你可以把它們收起來。
    If you can't cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
    你如果不會(huì)做飯,至少可以把桌子擺好。
    (2)lie的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain。它是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“躺”、“平臥”等:
    Are you going to lie in bed all morning?
    你打算在床上躺一上午嗎?
    Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
    (譯文同上)
    We were so tired after last night's party that we lay in bed all morning.
    昨晚的晚會(huì)之后我們非常疲勞,今天在床上躺了一上午。   3.beat與win
    (1)beat作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“打敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”、“勝過”、“超過”:
    They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
    他們雖然人少,但打敗了敵人。
    表示一個(gè)球隊(duì)打敗另一個(gè)球隊(duì)時(shí)也用beat。
    (2)win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“在……獲勝(成功)”、“贏得”、“獲得”、“奪得”等:
    Who won the race/the war?
    誰贏了這場比賽/戰(zhàn)爭尸
    We have won(it).
    我們贏了。