Lesson 69 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.to drive in heavy traffic, 在車輛擁擠的路上駕駛。
heavy在這里表示“大量的”、“多的”、“密集的”:
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.
這條路上的交通比另一條路上擁擠。
2.…I began to acquire confidence.……我開始有了信心。
acquire通常表示通過(guò)努力“獲得”、“學(xué)到(知識(shí)、技術(shù)、語(yǔ)言等)”,也可用來(lái)表示“養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)”:
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.
5年之內(nèi)瑪麗學(xué)會(huì)了漢語(yǔ)。
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
湯姆養(yǎng)成了抽煙的習(xí)慣。
3.Sure that I had passed…確信我已通過(guò)考試……
句首省略了分詞being或feeling,在句中作狀語(yǔ)(與分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的情況類似):
Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.
由于對(duì)故事(情節(jié))感興趣,他兩個(gè)小時(shí)就把那本書讀完了。
4.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance…主考人對(duì)我的駕駛想必是滿意的……
must have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。 performance在這里表示“表現(xiàn)”、“表演”、“工作情況”等。(cf.第13課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))表示“對(duì)……滿意”時(shí)可以用be pleased with:
They are pleased with his work.
他們對(duì)他的工作滿意。
The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.
經(jīng)理對(duì)他的秘書不太滿意。
5.Let us suppose that…讓我們假設(shè)……
suppose表示“假設(shè)”、“設(shè)定”時(shí)經(jīng)常用于“l(fā)et us suppose that”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.
讓我們假設(shè)發(fā)生了森林火災(zāi)。
6.in a mournful voice, 以悲傷的聲調(diào)。
in a… voice 表示“以……的聲調(diào)”:
He told them the news in a sad/ excited voice.
他用悲傷的/激動(dòng)的聲調(diào)把這消息告訴了他們。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6)
(1)在第10課、第21課、第34課、第45課與第58課的語(yǔ)法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式、它與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的連用、它在動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用以及它在過(guò)去完成時(shí)中的使用:
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
近它被一個(gè)客人弄壞了。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
過(guò)往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。(與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞連用)
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去。(must與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式連用)
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
人們正用火車給他把自行車送回家。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他從未指望那小偷能被逮著。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中)
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整個(gè)村子很快知道,有一大筆錢丟失了。(用于過(guò)去完成時(shí))
(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可以用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞(after, before, on)+動(dòng)名詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中有一個(gè)在另一個(gè)開始之前已經(jīng)完成,則可以用 after+動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示第1個(gè)動(dòng)作;如果只表示先后順序,則可用after(或 before)+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu); on+動(dòng)名詞通常表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生:
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把車開出城的指令后,我開始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed.
那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。
He killed a child before being arrested.
他在被捕前殺死了一個(gè)孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.
她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國(guó)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中是很正式的用法,一般不用于口語(yǔ)中。
(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于 want后面的不定式中時(shí),to be可以省略:
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有人今天下午去把行李從旅館取回來(lái)。
want后跟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)往往表示希望別人完成所說(shuō)的動(dòng)作。
(4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性:
I 'd like to ask a few questions about your latest film.
我想就您近拍的電影問(wèn)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday!
又來(lái)了!昨天一整天都有人問(wèn)我這電影的事!
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.practice與advice
這兩個(gè)詞均為名詞,尤其是在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,它們的結(jié)尾都是-ice,它們的動(dòng)詞形式分別為 practise與 advise,其結(jié)尾都是-ise (在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中 practice 既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞)。
(1)practice表不“(反復(fù)的)練習(xí)”、“實(shí)踐”、“實(shí)行”等:
Your spoken English will improve with practice.
如果你練習(xí),你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平就會(huì)提高的。
Have they put their plan into practice?
他們把計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施了嗎?
practise (vt.,vi.) 可以表示“練習(xí)”、“經(jīng)常做”等:
Jimmy used to practise (playing) football every afternoon.
吉米以前每天下午都練習(xí)踢足球。
She practises on the piano for three hours every day.
她每天花3小時(shí)練鋼琴。
(2)advice 表示“忠告”、“勸告”、“建議”,是不可數(shù)名詞:
She gave me some good advice/ a piece of advice about jobs.
關(guān)于工作問(wèn)題她給了我一些好建議/一條建議。
I took your advice and went to see a doctor.
我聽從你的意見去看了病。
advise (vt.,vi.) 表不“勸告”、“向……提供建議”等:
She advised me to see a doctor.
她建議我去看病。
She advised me against going to the party.
她建議/勸我不要去參加聚會(huì)。
2.enjoy, entertain與amuse
(1)enjoy表示“欣賞”、“喜愛”、“享受……之樂(lè)”,后面跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或反身代詞,用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
I enjoy swimming in summer.
夏天我喜歡游泳。
I enjoyed my trip to the coast.
我這次去海濱旅行非常愉快。
We're really enjoying ourselves.
我們真的玩得很開心。
(2)entertain的含義之一是“款待”、“招待”、“請(qǐng)客”:
We often entertain friends at weekends.
周末我們經(jīng)常招待朋友。
Did he entertain you to dinner yesterday?
昨天他請(qǐng)你吃飯了嗎?
(3)entertain在表示“使……快樂(lè)”、“給……娛樂(lè)”時(shí)與amuse同義:
Uncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time.
薩姆叔叔一連好幾小時(shí)地逗孩子們樂(lè)。
My children can entertain/ amuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other.
我的孩子們能一連幾小時(shí)地互相講故事玩。
(4)amuse表示“逗樂(lè)”、“逗笑”時(shí),經(jīng)常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
His story amused the children very much.
他的故事逗得孩子們很開心。
She was amused by her father's funny stories.
她父親那些逗人的故事使她很開心。