2017年職稱英語綜合類B級完形填空輔導(dǎo)(2)
he Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
人與電腦的區(qū)別
是什么讓人有別于電腦程序?我們的理論還沒有解釋的缺少的要素是什么?答案很簡單：人們閱讀報(bào)紙故事為了學(xué)習(xí)更多他們感興趣的東西，而電腦不是。事實(shí)上，電腦甚至連興趣都沒有，當(dāng)它們試圖閱讀時(shí)它們沒有尋找任何特別的東西。如果一個(gè)電腦程序是理解故事模式，那它也是為了某個(gè)意圖去閱讀。
誠然，人類的意圖若是被強(qiáng)加到電腦身上便沒有任何意義。一個(gè)人可能會讀就餐指南，只是為了解決饑餓或是有娛樂目的，也可能是為了尋找一個(gè)吃商務(wù)餐的好地方。電腦不會餓，也不吃商務(wù)餐。
然而，這些心理和社會目標(biāo)會導(dǎo)致一些智力或者認(rèn)知目標(biāo)。一個(gè)想要解決饑餓的意圖會促使這樣的念頭產(chǎn)生：找到一個(gè)提供我們想要的食物的餐廳，這餐廳叫什么名，價(jià)位如何，在什么位置等。我們把這些為了獲取信息或者知識的目標(biāo)叫做學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。電腦也能有這些目標(biāo);一臺電腦也許“想要”尋找餐廳的方位，并且為了做得像一個(gè)人一樣去閱讀一個(gè)指南。雖然這樣的目標(biāo)就電腦來說不是產(chǎn)生于饑餓，但電腦很可能從這個(gè)目標(biāo)去獲得更多關(guān)于餐廳的信息。