New Words
新單詞
honour n.
榮幸
major adj.
主要的
stability n.
穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性
regulate v.
調(diào)節(jié)
surplus n.
盈余，公積，剩余的
chronic adj.
長期的
suspend v.
中止，暫停
convertibility n.
可兌換性
fluctuate v.
變動(dòng)，波動(dòng)
restore v.
恢復(fù)，回復(fù)
equilibrium n.
平衡
flexibility n.
靈活性
factor n.
因素
appreciation n.
增值
cooperation n.
合作
Phrases & Expressions
短語
International Monetary System
國際貨幣制度
exchange-rate fluctuation
外匯匯率浮動(dòng)
clean float
不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)
dirty float
受限制的外匯浮動(dòng)
Bretton Woods Agreement
布雷頓森林協(xié)定
International Monetary Fund
國際貨幣基金組織
Capital export
資本輸出
balance of payments deficit
國際收支逆差
bring an end to
結(jié)束．．．終止
Smithsonian Agreement
史密森協(xié)定
in accordance with
按照
intervene in
干預(yù)
parity rate
比價(jià)
H:Today it is an honour for me to be invited here and we will have a free talk about the International Monetary System.
霍：今天我很榮幸地被邀到這里來談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)國際貨幣制度.
Could you ask some questions, please?
請(qǐng)你們來提一些問題好嗎？
S1:We have been reading a great deal recently about exchange rate fluctuations,
學(xué)1：最近，我讀了大量有關(guān)外匯匯率浮動(dòng)，
clean and dirty floats and so on, but I am not quite sure what the International Monetary System is.
不受限制的和受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)等等，但是對(duì)于什么是國際貨幣制度， 我還不十分清楚。
H:Well, the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.
霍：噢，“國際貨幣制度”這一術(shù)語實(shí)際上是為了維護(hù)國際外匯市場(chǎng)的秩序和穩(wěn)定，一些影響較大的政府和中央銀行之間所簽定的一系列協(xié)定。
The most important, signed in 1944, is called the Bretton Woods Agreemen
最為重要的一個(gè)協(xié)定是1944年簽定的布雷頓森林協(xié)
Then it established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
根據(jù)該協(xié)定建立了世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織。
S2:Oh, you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?
學(xué)2:那么,您是說由這些協(xié)定來管理國際匯率
H:Yes. They did until 1971.
霍：是的，直到1971年。
S3:What happened in 1971 to change this?
學(xué)3：什么原因在1971年改變了這一點(diǎn)呢？
H:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,
霍：由于外援而造成國外的美元過剩，
capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility.
資本的輸出和長期的國際收支逆差迫使美國正式中止了黃金可兌換性，
This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.
致使舊的布雷頓森林體系宣告結(jié)束。
S4:Then, was the Smithsonian Agreement signed?
學(xué)4：然后簽訂了史密森協(xié)定？
H:You are right. In December 1971.
霍：是這樣。在1971年12月簽訂的。
Under this agreement and others the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the values of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
在這一協(xié)定和其他協(xié)定的指導(dǎo)下，固定的外匯匯率制度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦?dòng)匯率制度，在這個(gè)制度中，以各種貨幣價(jià)值的波動(dòng)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。
S4:I see. But I have another question. Are foreign exchange rates free to change according to the laws of supply and demand now?
學(xué)4：我明白了，但我還有一個(gè)問題?，F(xiàn)在外匯匯率是按照供需規(guī)律自由地變化嗎？
H:Not quite. In fact, we now have another system, a dirty float system.
霍：也不完全這樣。實(shí)際上，我們現(xiàn)在建立了另一個(gè)制度，受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)的制度。
You know there is a lot of flexibility in exchange rates in accordance with balance of payment factors,
你們知道按照國際收支差額因素，匯率有很大程度的靈活性，
central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide ranging fluctuations.
中央銀行仍然使用買進(jìn)或賣出大量外幣的辦法來防止大幅度的外匯浮動(dòng)，以此來干預(yù)外匯市場(chǎng)。
S5:A clean float would be better, wouldn't it?
學(xué)5：不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)更好些，是嗎？
H:I think, a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
霍：我想，不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)意味著各種貨幣的比價(jià)能以漲價(jià)或跌價(jià)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。
Therefore, a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currenc
因此,一個(gè)國家的外貿(mào)地位因?yàn)樗呢泿诺脑鲋刀艿接?BR> That's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work.
這就是為什么需要大量國際間協(xié)作才會(huì)使得這個(gè)現(xiàn)行制度發(fā)揮作用。
S:Thank you for your talk.
學(xué)：謝謝您的報(bào)告。
新單詞
honour n.
榮幸
major adj.
主要的
stability n.
穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性
regulate v.
調(diào)節(jié)
surplus n.
盈余，公積，剩余的
chronic adj.
長期的
suspend v.
中止，暫停
convertibility n.
可兌換性
fluctuate v.
變動(dòng)，波動(dòng)
restore v.
恢復(fù)，回復(fù)
equilibrium n.
平衡
flexibility n.
靈活性
factor n.
因素
appreciation n.
增值
cooperation n.
合作
Phrases & Expressions
短語
International Monetary System
國際貨幣制度
exchange-rate fluctuation
外匯匯率浮動(dòng)
clean float
不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)
dirty float
受限制的外匯浮動(dòng)
Bretton Woods Agreement
布雷頓森林協(xié)定
International Monetary Fund
國際貨幣基金組織
Capital export
資本輸出
balance of payments deficit
國際收支逆差
bring an end to
結(jié)束．．．終止
Smithsonian Agreement
史密森協(xié)定
in accordance with
按照
intervene in
干預(yù)
parity rate
比價(jià)
H:Today it is an honour for me to be invited here and we will have a free talk about the International Monetary System.
霍：今天我很榮幸地被邀到這里來談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)國際貨幣制度.
Could you ask some questions, please?
請(qǐng)你們來提一些問題好嗎？
S1:We have been reading a great deal recently about exchange rate fluctuations,
學(xué)1：最近，我讀了大量有關(guān)外匯匯率浮動(dòng)，
clean and dirty floats and so on, but I am not quite sure what the International Monetary System is.
不受限制的和受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)等等，但是對(duì)于什么是國際貨幣制度， 我還不十分清楚。
H:Well, the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.
霍：噢，“國際貨幣制度”這一術(shù)語實(shí)際上是為了維護(hù)國際外匯市場(chǎng)的秩序和穩(wěn)定，一些影響較大的政府和中央銀行之間所簽定的一系列協(xié)定。
The most important, signed in 1944, is called the Bretton Woods Agreemen
最為重要的一個(gè)協(xié)定是1944年簽定的布雷頓森林協(xié)
Then it established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
根據(jù)該協(xié)定建立了世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織。
S2:Oh, you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?
學(xué)2:那么,您是說由這些協(xié)定來管理國際匯率
H:Yes. They did until 1971.
霍：是的，直到1971年。
S3:What happened in 1971 to change this?
學(xué)3：什么原因在1971年改變了這一點(diǎn)呢？
H:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,
霍：由于外援而造成國外的美元過剩，
capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility.
資本的輸出和長期的國際收支逆差迫使美國正式中止了黃金可兌換性，
This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.
致使舊的布雷頓森林體系宣告結(jié)束。
S4:Then, was the Smithsonian Agreement signed?
學(xué)4：然后簽訂了史密森協(xié)定？
H:You are right. In December 1971.
霍：是這樣。在1971年12月簽訂的。
Under this agreement and others the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the values of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
在這一協(xié)定和其他協(xié)定的指導(dǎo)下，固定的外匯匯率制度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦?dòng)匯率制度，在這個(gè)制度中，以各種貨幣價(jià)值的波動(dòng)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。
S4:I see. But I have another question. Are foreign exchange rates free to change according to the laws of supply and demand now?
學(xué)4：我明白了，但我還有一個(gè)問題?，F(xiàn)在外匯匯率是按照供需規(guī)律自由地變化嗎？
H:Not quite. In fact, we now have another system, a dirty float system.
霍：也不完全這樣。實(shí)際上，我們現(xiàn)在建立了另一個(gè)制度，受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)的制度。
You know there is a lot of flexibility in exchange rates in accordance with balance of payment factors,
你們知道按照國際收支差額因素，匯率有很大程度的靈活性，
central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide ranging fluctuations.
中央銀行仍然使用買進(jìn)或賣出大量外幣的辦法來防止大幅度的外匯浮動(dòng)，以此來干預(yù)外匯市場(chǎng)。
S5:A clean float would be better, wouldn't it?
學(xué)5：不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)更好些，是嗎？
H:I think, a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
霍：我想，不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)意味著各種貨幣的比價(jià)能以漲價(jià)或跌價(jià)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。
Therefore, a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currenc
因此,一個(gè)國家的外貿(mào)地位因?yàn)樗呢泿诺脑鲋刀艿接?BR> That's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work.
這就是為什么需要大量國際間協(xié)作才會(huì)使得這個(gè)現(xiàn)行制度發(fā)揮作用。
S:Thank you for your talk.
學(xué)：謝謝您的報(bào)告。