New Words
新單詞
Babylon n.
巴比倫(古代巴比倫王國(guó)首都)
temple n.
廟宇，專供某種活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所
(the) Renaissance n.
文藝復(fù)興，
ancient adj.
古代的
Greece n.
希臘
breakup n.
分裂，崩潰
decline n.
下降，衰落
usury n.
高利貸，高利
illegal adj.
不合法的；非法的
Belgium n.
比利時(shí)
function n.
功能，作用
complex adj.
復(fù)雜的
especially adv.
特別地
expand v.
擴(kuò)大
partially adv.
部分地
Venice n.
威尼斯(意大利港市)
semi-public adj.
半公立的
Phrases & Expressions
短語(yǔ)
Roman Empire
羅馬帝國(guó)
emerge from
出現(xiàn)，冒出
feudal system
封建體制
Middle Ages
中世紀(jì)
bill of exchange
匯票
regulatory function
常規(guī)作用
Z:Good afternoon!
張：下午好！
A:Good afternoon!
全體：下午好！
Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west.
張：今天我要講點(diǎn)西方銀行史。
Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago.
這是很有意思的，早的銀行大約是四千年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans.
實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行的放款的場(chǎng)所。
S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe.
學(xué)1：我明白了，但我原來(lái)一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。
N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too.
周：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期早多了。古希臘和羅馬都有許多銀行，
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance.
直到羅馬帝崩潰和商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?
學(xué)2：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，放禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？
Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans?
這些法律沒有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France,
周：是的，規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)，后來(lái)又在法國(guó)，
Germany and England.
德國(guó)和英國(guó)。
S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance.
學(xué)3：所以實(shí)際上我們可以說(shuō)，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開始了。
Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period.
張：對(duì)的。顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來(lái)時(shí)，
Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
商業(yè)和金融交易再開始變得復(fù)雜起來(lái)了。
S4:Could you tell us more in detail?
學(xué)4：您能說(shuō)得再具體些嗎？
Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England,
周：是的。一方面很多銀行就是這樣興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄，貸款，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes;
發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
另一方面他們開始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
S5:When did the idea of central banks get started?
學(xué)5：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開始的？
Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
張：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來(lái)的。
Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public.
后來(lái)英格蘭銀行出現(xiàn)。我們稱這種銀行為半公立銀行。
As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day.
事實(shí)上在19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行已建立起來(lái)。好吧！下課。
A:Good-bye!
全：再見！
新單詞
Babylon n.
巴比倫(古代巴比倫王國(guó)首都)
temple n.
廟宇，專供某種活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所
(the) Renaissance n.
文藝復(fù)興，
ancient adj.
古代的
Greece n.
希臘
breakup n.
分裂，崩潰
decline n.
下降，衰落
usury n.
高利貸，高利
illegal adj.
不合法的；非法的
Belgium n.
比利時(shí)
function n.
功能，作用
complex adj.
復(fù)雜的
especially adv.
特別地
expand v.
擴(kuò)大
partially adv.
部分地
Venice n.
威尼斯(意大利港市)
semi-public adj.
半公立的
Phrases & Expressions
短語(yǔ)
Roman Empire
羅馬帝國(guó)
emerge from
出現(xiàn)，冒出
feudal system
封建體制
Middle Ages
中世紀(jì)
bill of exchange
匯票
regulatory function
常規(guī)作用
Z:Good afternoon!
張：下午好！
A:Good afternoon!
全體：下午好！
Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west.
張：今天我要講點(diǎn)西方銀行史。
Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago.
這是很有意思的，早的銀行大約是四千年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans.
實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行的放款的場(chǎng)所。
S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe.
學(xué)1：我明白了，但我原來(lái)一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。
N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too.
周：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期早多了。古希臘和羅馬都有許多銀行，
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance.
直到羅馬帝崩潰和商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?
學(xué)2：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，放禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？
Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans?
這些法律沒有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France,
周：是的，規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)，后來(lái)又在法國(guó)，
Germany and England.
德國(guó)和英國(guó)。
S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance.
學(xué)3：所以實(shí)際上我們可以說(shuō)，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開始了。
Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period.
張：對(duì)的。顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來(lái)時(shí)，
Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
商業(yè)和金融交易再開始變得復(fù)雜起來(lái)了。
S4:Could you tell us more in detail?
學(xué)4：您能說(shuō)得再具體些嗎？
Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England,
周：是的。一方面很多銀行就是這樣興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄，貸款，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes;
發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
另一方面他們開始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
S5:When did the idea of central banks get started?
學(xué)5：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開始的？
Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
張：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來(lái)的。
Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public.
后來(lái)英格蘭銀行出現(xiàn)。我們稱這種銀行為半公立銀行。
As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day.
事實(shí)上在19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行已建立起來(lái)。好吧！下課。
A:Good-bye!
全：再見！