人教版2016初一上冊英語知識點

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八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
    冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
    1、定冠詞the表示"特指",可譯為"這個"、"那個"、"這些"、"那些"。
    2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"一個"。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非元音開頭的單詞前。
    3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強調(diào)"數(shù)量",而基數(shù)詞則強調(diào)"數(shù)量"。
    九、助動詞(do, does )的用法
    只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:
    (1)當句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。
    eg : I like English a lot.
    Michael likes Chinese food very much.
    (2)當句子為否定句時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動詞:當主語為"三單"時,要使用does;當主語為"非三單"時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
    Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
    They like sports.------They don't like sports.
    (3)當句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
    Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
    Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
    十、名詞所有格
    1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
    2、用of表示"......的",但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
    3、have與of的區(qū)別:
    have一般表示"主動擁有",往往用于有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能"主動擁有",表示所屬關(guān)系時要用of。例如:
    I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
    a door of the house
    十一、初一英語上冊知識點之課本中的知識點
    1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
    (1)問候語:
    Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
    How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
    Hi! Hello!
    How do you do?
    (2)道別用語:
    Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)
    Nice to meet/ see you, too.
    Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
    (3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
    (4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:
    Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?BR>    (5)詞組be from = come from
    (6)當問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
    What are those?----They are books.
    (7)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
    (8)look the same = have the same looks
    give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
    be like = look like
    in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
    in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
    in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
    in English(用英語)
    help sb. do sth.
    (9)both與all的區(qū)別:
    both表示"兩者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
    2、Unit 3--Unit 4
    (1)speak的用法
    speak與say不同:speak表示"說"的動作,不表示"說"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說"的內(nèi)容。
    speak后面除了能接"語言"外,不能直接接東西,后面加了to則表示"對......說"。
    help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補習......)
    want to do sth.(想要做某事)
    would like to do sth.
    not...at all(一點都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)
    like...a lot = like...very much
    (2)some和any的區(qū)別:
    口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
    I have some money.
    I don't have any money.
    Do you have any money?
    (3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
    (4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)
    祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如:
    Don't go there!
    (5)問職業(yè):
    What does sb. do?
    What is sb.?
    What's sb.'s job?
    (6)work與job的區(qū)別:
    work是未必有報酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的"工作"。
    (7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:
    on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
    (8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)
    look after(照料/照顧/照看)
    help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)