lesson 19 ——ed分詞(一)
內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ED分詞即我們平常所說的動(dòng)詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語法功能上，它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同，可以作表語，定語，狀語，也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含義是“被動(dòng)”的。-ED分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ING分詞有一定的區(qū)別。
第一節(jié) -ED分詞的用法
一、-ED分詞作表語
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已經(jīng)形容詞化了的-ED分詞大都作表語，常見的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
二、作定語的-ED分詞
-ED分詞可以作前置定語也可以作后置定語，作后置定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句
1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
[A] earn [B] earned [C] to earn[D] was earned
2) On his return from his college， he found the house .
[A] deserting[B] deserted[C] desert[D] to be deserted
3) The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .
三、用作狀語的-ED分詞
這樣的-ED分詞通常來自及物動(dòng)詞。-ED分詞用作狀語時(shí)，跟-ING分詞作狀語時(shí)一樣，修飾主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，表示時(shí)間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等。-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，前邊往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.這時(shí)，我們可以把-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)理解為一個(gè)省略句，即省去了“主語和be的變化形式”。一般說來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。
1. 表示時(shí)間
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示條件
5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
[A] Seen [B] Sees [C] Seeing[D] To see
6) to steel，chromium(鉻) increases the metal's hardness.
[A] Added [B] In addition [C] Adding[D] Adds
7) enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
[A] Being given[B] Given[C] Give
[D] To give3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother， .
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
[A] Angering [B] Having angered [C] Being angry [D] Angered
10) Written in great haste， .
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report [B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report [D] the books is full of errors.
內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ED分詞即我們平常所說的動(dòng)詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語法功能上，它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同，可以作表語，定語，狀語，也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含義是“被動(dòng)”的。-ED分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ING分詞有一定的區(qū)別。
第一節(jié) -ED分詞的用法
一、-ED分詞作表語
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已經(jīng)形容詞化了的-ED分詞大都作表語，常見的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
二、作定語的-ED分詞
-ED分詞可以作前置定語也可以作后置定語，作后置定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句
1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
[A] earn [B] earned [C] to earn[D] was earned
2) On his return from his college， he found the house .
[A] deserting[B] deserted[C] desert[D] to be deserted
3) The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .
三、用作狀語的-ED分詞
這樣的-ED分詞通常來自及物動(dòng)詞。-ED分詞用作狀語時(shí)，跟-ING分詞作狀語時(shí)一樣，修飾主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，表示時(shí)間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等。-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，前邊往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.這時(shí)，我們可以把-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)理解為一個(gè)省略句，即省去了“主語和be的變化形式”。一般說來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。
1. 表示時(shí)間
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示條件
5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
[A] Seen [B] Sees [C] Seeing[D] To see
6) to steel，chromium(鉻) increases the metal's hardness.
[A] Added [B] In addition [C] Adding[D] Adds
7) enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
[A] Being given[B] Given[C] Give
[D] To give3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother， .
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
[A] Angering [B] Having angered [C] Being angry [D] Angered
10) Written in great haste， .
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report [B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report [D] the books is full of errors.