2016年英語四級(jí)考試語法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞

字號(hào):

Ⅰ動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
    時(shí)態(tài)
    1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
    I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
    I’ve been sitting in the garden.
    2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
    I’d been working for some time when he called.
    We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
    3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
    By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
    In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
    4)將來完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事.
    I shall have finished this one before lunch.
    They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
    語態(tài)
    可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
    He was said to be jealous of her success.
    It was said that he was jealous of her success.
    能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.