這篇文章會(huì)講到段落寫作的基本技巧。
由于寫作的時(shí)間有限，寫出的段落可能會(huì)比較短，但你可以運(yùn)用與其他段落相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。
在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，你要將自己的觀點(diǎn)盡可能敘述清楚。
如果在動(dòng)筆前已經(jīng)構(gòu)思好了，那就按照自己的思路去寫，清晰地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)注意寫作時(shí)間。
下面的一段包含一個(gè)好的段落所具備的要素。
大家先來讀一下，并確定這些要素有哪些：
Studying Abroad
Studying abroad has two main benefits. Firstly, people who study abroad can get a better job when they return to their home country. This is because their qualifications and experience mean that they tend to get jobs that are higher paid, and they can also gain promotion quickly. Another advantage of studying abroad is the independence students can gain. For example, students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures. As a consequence, they will become more confident in their life and in their relationships with others. All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.
The Three Parts to Good Paragraph Writing
段落要包含以下三點(diǎn)：
• Topic sentence
• Supporting sentences
• Concluding sentence
1. Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence會(huì)指出這段話的主要內(nèi)容，是這段話的主旨，限定了這一段要論述的圍繞這一主題的觀點(diǎn)?！癈ontrolling idea”是對(duì)主題的限定。
topic controlling idea
Studying abroad has two main benefits
2. Supporting Sentences
Supporting sentences是對(duì)topic sentence展開論述。具體來說，supporting sentences闡述具體觀點(diǎn)，并列舉原因、數(shù)據(jù)、事實(shí)、結(jié)果等來支持所述觀點(diǎn)。
論述“the benefits of studying abroad”的supporting sentences有：
People get a better job when they return home (1st supporting idea)
• Better qualifications & experience mean better pay and promotion (reason)
• Now has a high standard of living (result)
Students gain independence (2nd supporting idea)
• Students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures.(example)
• Students will become more confident in their life and relationships (result)
3. Concluding Sentence (Optional)
Concluding sentence可以用于段末，告訴讀者本段最重要的觀點(diǎn)，往往是topic sentence的另一種表述。例如：
All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.
Concluding sentence在段中可有可無，不影響作文分?jǐn)?shù)。但concluding sentence可以增加段落間的連貫性。
Unity and Coherence
統(tǒng)一性和連貫性是好的段落必有的?？脊僖矔?huì)根據(jù)這兩點(diǎn)來評(píng)分。
•使信息和觀點(diǎn)有邏輯性，整篇文章簡(jiǎn)潔清晰;
• 使用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯臃绞?
• 每段要有明確的中心觀點(diǎn)。
1. Unity
統(tǒng)一性意味著每段只能有一個(gè)中心觀點(diǎn)。整段的論述要圍繞中心句展開。
例如上面的例子，你只能闡述出國留學(xué)的兩個(gè)好處。而不能論述更多的好處，或是出國留學(xué)的弊端。
即使段落中沒有明確的topic sentence，這一段也應(yīng)該圍繞一個(gè)主題以保持統(tǒng)一性。
2. Coherence
好的段落要有連貫性，這就意味著讀者可以很容易的就理解段落內(nèi)容，因?yàn)?a)supporting sentences是以邏輯順序出現(xiàn)的(b)主要觀點(diǎn)通過過渡性的詞或短語連接。
(a) 邏輯順序
例如，在論述出國留學(xué)的好處時(shí)，有兩個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)：(1)people who study abroad can get a better job，(2)they will become more independent.
然后對(duì)這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一一論述，并闡述支持這一觀點(diǎn)的例子、原因及結(jié)果。這就是邏輯順序。
(b)過渡性詞語
此外，這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之間要使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡性詞語連接，如first of all, for instance, the result of this, another advantage, as a consequence, all in all等。使用這些詞可以增加文章的連貫性，使讀者更容易理解。