2016年拿下托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句 必須搞定這些語(yǔ)法句子

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    在之前的文章中已經(jīng)講過:托福閱讀語(yǔ)法常見的五種句子成分,本文講解其他四種語(yǔ)法句子。
    6.狀語(yǔ)。用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、或整句的詞和句,按照功能可以分為:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件、讓步、比較和伴隨。通常可以做狀語(yǔ)的詞有:副詞、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、現(xiàn)在分詞doing、過去分詞done、不定式to do和狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
    副詞:She accomplished the task quietly easily.
    介賓結(jié)構(gòu):In Britain, it is always raining all the year round.
    現(xiàn)在分詞:A large number of people don't agree with the idea, thinking that it will not unreasonable. (現(xiàn)在分詞做的是伴隨狀語(yǔ),前提條件是主句的主語(yǔ)--people和分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是一致的,且表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。)
    The teachers were taken through a program of talking about teaching events, moving on to reflecting about special issues.
    過去分詞:Helped by a strange woman, the little boy went home safely.(過去分詞做的事伴隨狀語(yǔ),跟上邊一樣的是主句的主語(yǔ)--a little boy和過去分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是一致的,且表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。)
    不定式: John attends the class to improve his grammar.(來提高語(yǔ)法做的是目的狀語(yǔ)。)
    狀語(yǔ)從句:When the Hawaiian island emerged from the sea as volcanoes, they were far removed from other landmasses.
    7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),即對(duì)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說明。主補(bǔ)不是很常用,例如:They rushed to the cinema, exhausted. (筋疲力盡的是對(duì)他們的補(bǔ)充說明,而they在句中做的是主語(yǔ)成分,所以exhausted做主補(bǔ))。相比較之下,賓補(bǔ)的使用率是相當(dāng)高的,經(jīng)常做賓補(bǔ)的有:形容詞、名詞、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、現(xiàn)在分詞doing、過去分詞done、不定式to do。
    形容詞:Nobody consider it possible to conduct the experiment successfully.
    名詞:We all find the Sawyers good neighbors.
    介賓結(jié)構(gòu):The police keep the thief in the car.
    現(xiàn)在分詞:Yesterday I heard a little girl singing next door.
    過去分詞:The couple had their car repaired.
    不定式:The boss asked me to type these letters as soon as possible.
    8.同位語(yǔ)。兩者所表達(dá)的意思是一樣的,即A=B,能做同位語(yǔ)的只有名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)。例如:My friend, Mary, works in Beijing.(其中my friend 就是Mary,而Mary 也是我的朋友)。I have a dream that I could be a billionaire in the future.(我的夢(mèng)想是將來成為億萬(wàn)富翁,that引導(dǎo)的就是同位語(yǔ)從句。)
    9.插入語(yǔ)。即說話者對(duì)所表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者表明說話者的態(tài)度,其位置靈活,常常用逗號(hào)或者破折號(hào)與其他成分隔開,并且在語(yǔ)法上不影響其他的成分。以下的短語(yǔ)通常做插入語(yǔ):in fact, fortunately, most important of all, strange to say, in a sense, what is more, in the long run, by contrast, in the final analysis, in theory等等。
    以上內(nèi)容將所有的句子成都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)講解,熟知句子成分對(duì)于理解托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句有很大的作用,希望學(xué)生不要有任何抵觸心理,能夠踏實(shí)快樂地將這一語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行理解和消化。