科普：自然資源 295詞
Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismograghs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the title of the land.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Earthquakes
B. The Cause of Earthquakes
C. Earthquakes and Their Damages
D. How to Predict Earthquakes
2. What kind of damages may not be resulted from an earthquake?
A. The collapse of buildings
B. A large number of deaths.
C. Vast amount of destruction
D. Landslides, tsunamis and major fires
3. In the last sentence of Para.2, the word “this” refer to ______.
A. the highest magnitude
B. major damage
C. date
D. the previous earthquake
4. According to the passage, the sequence before an earthquake is _______.
A. the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust — and continental drift and the quake itself.
B. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — and the quake itself.
C. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — and the quake itself.
D. the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — and the quake itself.
5 What is the use of seismographs and tiltmeters?
A. To record signals of earthquake.
B. To prevent major earthquakes
C. To predict when, where and how an earthquake happens.
D. To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake.
◆◆難句突破◆◆
請翻譯下面兩句!
1 Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
分析：主句的表語those后面帶有一個whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
答案
發(fā)生6級以上的地震時一般都會造成重大破壞，但是當(dāng)震中遠離人口聚居區(qū)就例外了。
2 This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
分析：主句后面的第一個which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾pressure,在這個定語從句中先行詞which充當(dāng)?shù)氖菑木渲袃?nèi)含的一個賓語從句的主語。這個定語從句中還包含另一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾reasons.
答案：
科學(xué)家認為，這些壓力有多種成因，其中兩個成因是地殼的拉伸和收縮以及大陸漂移
◆◆閱讀題答案◆◆
ADBCA
◆◆解題思路◆◆
1 本文是介紹一篇介紹地震的說明文。整篇文章分別從地震的現(xiàn)象、強度、原因和預(yù)測幾方面展開介紹，并沒有格外強調(diào)哪一個方面。因此選A。
2 第一段中提到了地震會造成的危害：人口死亡、大規(guī)模的破壞。由倒數(shù)第2、3句可知，建筑物倒塌是大規(guī)模破壞的一種。山崩、海嘯或火災(zāi)是地震引起的，但是這并不是破壞，而是地震引起的災(zāi)難，這些災(zāi)難可以造成破壞。選D
Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismograghs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the title of the land.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Earthquakes
B. The Cause of Earthquakes
C. Earthquakes and Their Damages
D. How to Predict Earthquakes
2. What kind of damages may not be resulted from an earthquake?
A. The collapse of buildings
B. A large number of deaths.
C. Vast amount of destruction
D. Landslides, tsunamis and major fires
3. In the last sentence of Para.2, the word “this” refer to ______.
A. the highest magnitude
B. major damage
C. date
D. the previous earthquake
4. According to the passage, the sequence before an earthquake is _______.
A. the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust — and continental drift and the quake itself.
B. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — and the quake itself.
C. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — and the quake itself.
D. the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — and the quake itself.
5 What is the use of seismographs and tiltmeters?
A. To record signals of earthquake.
B. To prevent major earthquakes
C. To predict when, where and how an earthquake happens.
D. To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake.
◆◆難句突破◆◆
請翻譯下面兩句!
1 Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
分析：主句的表語those后面帶有一個whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
答案
發(fā)生6級以上的地震時一般都會造成重大破壞，但是當(dāng)震中遠離人口聚居區(qū)就例外了。
2 This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
分析：主句后面的第一個which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾pressure,在這個定語從句中先行詞which充當(dāng)?shù)氖菑木渲袃?nèi)含的一個賓語從句的主語。這個定語從句中還包含另一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾reasons.
答案：
科學(xué)家認為，這些壓力有多種成因，其中兩個成因是地殼的拉伸和收縮以及大陸漂移
◆◆閱讀題答案◆◆
ADBCA
◆◆解題思路◆◆
1 本文是介紹一篇介紹地震的說明文。整篇文章分別從地震的現(xiàn)象、強度、原因和預(yù)測幾方面展開介紹，并沒有格外強調(diào)哪一個方面。因此選A。
2 第一段中提到了地震會造成的危害：人口死亡、大規(guī)模的破壞。由倒數(shù)第2、3句可知，建筑物倒塌是大規(guī)模破壞的一種。山崩、海嘯或火災(zāi)是地震引起的，但是這并不是破壞，而是地震引起的災(zāi)難，這些災(zāi)難可以造成破壞。選D