高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit1-2
☆重點句型☆
1. What should a friend be like? 詢問對方的看法
2. I think he / she should be„表示個人觀點的詞語
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的詞語
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when"作并列連詞的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 強調(diào)句的
特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,
... “with+賓語+賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 帶連接副詞
(或代詞)的不定式做賓補的用法
☆重點詞匯☆
1. especially v. 特別地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 單獨，孤獨的
4. interest n. 興趣
5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的
6. deserted adj. 拋棄的
7. hunt v. 搜尋
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，關(guān)心
10. total n. 總數(shù)
11. majority n. 大多數(shù)
12. survive v. 生存，活下來
13. adventure n. 冒險
14. scared adj. 嚇壞的
15. admit v. 承認(rèn)
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厭煩的
18. except prep. 除„„之外
19. quality n. 質(zhì)量
20. favourite adj. 喜愛的
☆重點短語☆
1. be fond of愛好
2. treat„as„把„„看作為„„
3. make friends with 與„„交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 與某人爭論某事5. hunt for尋找
6. in order to為了
7. share„with與„„分享
8. bring in引進(jìn)；賺錢
9. a great / good many許多„
10. have difficulty (in) doing做„„有困難
11. end up with以„„結(jié)束
12. except for除„„之外
13. come about發(fā)生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home別拘束
16. the majority of大多數(shù)
17. drop sb. a line給某人寫短信
18. for the first time第
19. at all根本；竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of„精通„„
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧? l. be fond ____ 喜歡，愛好 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追尋，尋找 for
3. in to ____ 為了 order
4. care ____ 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心 about
5. such ____ 例如，諸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 給某人寫信(通常指寫短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 別客氣 home
8. ____ total 總共 in
9. except ____ 除了„„之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
11. ____ about 發(fā)生 come
12. end ____ with 以„„告終 up
13. bring ____ 引進(jìn)，引來 in
14. a great ____ 許許多多，極多 many
15. be ____ 對„„深感興趣，深深迷上„„ into
16. ____ the Internet 上網(wǎng) surf
17. ____ classes 逃學(xué)，逃課 skip
18. get ____ 聚會，相聚，聚集 together
19. be proud ____ 為„„感到驕傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 對„„感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 開玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以„„名義 in25. ____ the time 總是，一直 all
☆交際用語☆
1. I think„
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. argue v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：argument n. 1. [C]爭論 2. [U]討論．辯論3. [C]論據(jù)
▲搭配：
① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 與某人爭論某事 ② argue for / against sth. 辯論贊成／反對某事
③ argue that... 主張，認(rèn)為，爭辯說
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 說服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達(dá)為：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解決爭端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式細(xì)面條) from plate to mouth. (2004全國卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目標(biāo)] argue名詞形式的詞義。
[答案與解析] D argument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。
2. compare v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：comparison n. 比較
▲搭配：① compare...to... 比擬；比作② compare... with / to... 將„„和„„相比較③ compare notes 對筆記；交換意見
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
[考查目標(biāo)] compare的用法。
[答案與解析] D 本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。
3. consider v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：consideration n. 考慮，思考；體諒，顧及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考慮做某事② consider sb (to be / as)... 認(rèn)為／覺得某人„„③ consider that- clause 認(rèn)為„„④ take sth into consideration 考慮⑤under consideration 在考慮中
【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目標(biāo)] consider的幾種常見用法。
[答案與解析] C consider本身是被動語態(tài)時，后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。
4. deserted adj. 空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的
(1) 空無一人的a deserted street / area空無一人的街道，地區(qū)；The office was quite deserted.辦公室里空無一人。
(2) 被遺棄的 a deserted child 被遺棄的孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丟棄；遺棄
He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (通常作復(fù)數(shù)) 難事，難點，難題She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困難
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困難地／輕而易舉地做某事 We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修飾
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 喜愛的；喜愛的人或事物
(1) adj. 喜愛的My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 喜愛的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑
② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取樂，非認(rèn)真地，說／做著玩的 ③ be full of fun„„很好玩
④ have fun with sb. 和某人開一個玩笑
⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!
⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很開心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目標(biāo)] fun構(gòu)成的短語for fun的意思。
[答案與解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。
8. imagine的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目標(biāo)] imagine的基本用法。
[答案與解析] C imagine后接動詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個動名詞的邏輯主語。
9. interest的用法
interest vt. 使„„感興趣 n. 興趣，愛好 [U] 利息；利潤 He has a great interest in politics. 他對政治極感興趣。/ a broad interest 廣泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 極強的興趣
▲構(gòu)詞：① interesting 令人感興趣的(事物) ② interested (某人對某事)有興趣的 ▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，關(guān)心或參入某事；使某人對某事感興趣② be interested in 對„„感興趣(關(guān)心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面有興趣 (關(guān)心)；在„„中有股份、權(quán)益等④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的興趣⑤ in the interest(s) of 為„„利益；為„„起見；對„„有利⑥ lose interest in 對„„不再感興趣⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 對„„表示關(guān)心(有興趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 對„„不 (不太) 感興趣⑨ with interest 有興趣地，津津有味地⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培養(yǎng)／有興趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面失去興趣 有時interest可與不定冠詞連用。He developed an interest in science.
另外：interest作“愛好”解時，是可數(shù)名詞。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全國卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目標(biāo)] interest派生詞的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析] A interested指(出版商)對這件事有興趣。
10. prove的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① proof n. 證據(jù)。試驗，考驗，(印刷)校樣
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人證實„„② prove to sb that 從句向某人證實„„③ prove (oneself) to be 證明(自己)是，表現(xiàn)出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05長春模擬)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed[考查目標(biāo)] 考查prove的意思。
[答案與解析] A 本題was proved的意思是“得到證實”，有被動意味。
11. provide的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① provider n. 供給者，供應(yīng)者，養(yǎng)家者② provided / providing conj. 倘若 ▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 給„„提供；以„„裝備
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。
[答案與解析]A provide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share的用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物② share sth (out) between / among... 將某物分配、分給„„③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意見
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____. (NMET 2000)
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查在語境中選擇動詞的能力。
[答案與解析] D 四個選項的含義分別為：support 支持；care 在意，關(guān)心；spare 擠出(時間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔(dān)，與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會與人共享——把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息play with your toys as well。故D為佳答案。
13. solve的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：solution n. 1. [C] (問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法 2. [U] 解答，解決 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解決„„的辦法
【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目標(biāo)] solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。
[答案與解析] D “對于„„的解決辦法”，介詞用to。
14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)
(1) in total 加起來In total, there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of 總共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...„„的總數(shù) The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列連詞，= and then，表示“就在那時，突然”，常見以下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做„„突然„„I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...剛做了„„突然„„I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...剛要做„„突然„„I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.(1) while從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續(xù)性動詞，主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列連詞，表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對，意為“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)
【詞語比較】
1. especially, specially
especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是
(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英語)
(2) especially 后可接介詞短語或從句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. specially 側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.) I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring, bored, bore
boring adj. 令人厭煩的 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厭煩的 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厭煩 This book bores me.
有些表示情感的及物動詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，為“令人„„”；過去分詞形式，為“感到„„”。
3. except for, except, but, besides
表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了„„之外。沒有”，二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等詞后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除„„之外，還„„，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English與other languages都屬于know的范圍)
(3) except for 只不過„„，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細(xì)節(jié)上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4. know, know of, know about
(1) know 用作動詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報上看到，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。
5. for example; such as
(1) for example“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末?？捎胒or instance替換。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.
(2) such as “例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用that is或namely。
☆短語歸納☆
1. 含all的短語
1) first of all 首先 (強調(diào)順序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 總共
3) after all 畢竟，終究
4) at all 到底，根本
5) above all 重要的是 (強調(diào)重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一點也不
7) all the time 始終，一直
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立劉，馬上
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 獨個兒，獨立地
14) all but 幾乎，差一點
15) all in all 總的說來
16) all together 一道，同時，總共
17) for all 盡管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一點兒也沒有聽到他說話。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要許多東西，重要的是，需要愛。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道這事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肅、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查四個短語的用法。
[答案與解析] A after all意為“畢竟．終究”；as a result意為“結(jié)果”；in other words意為“換句話說”；as usual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因為她畢竟是一個偉大的音樂家。
【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個短語。
[答案與解析] B in all意為“總共”；above all意為“重要的是”； after all 意為“畢竟”；at all 意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個房子，現(xiàn)代的、舒服的，但重要的是在一個安靜的地區(qū)。
2. at all
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一點也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實” If you do it at all, do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容詞 + 介詞”的短語
1) be good at 擅長于
2) be interested in 對„„感興趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 對„„滿意
4) be famous for 因„„而出名
5) be kind / good to 對„„好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面積極
8) be sure about / of 確信
9) be afraid of 害怕
10) be full of 充滿
11) be filled with 充滿
12) be made of / from 由„„組成
13) be generous to 對„„慷慨
14) be popular with 受歡迎
15) be confident of 確信
16) be fond of 喜歡，喜愛
17) be angry with / at 對„„發(fā)脾氣
18) be late for 遲到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 對„„感到驚訝
20) be busy doing 忙著做„„
21) be excited about 對„„感到興奮
22) be worried about 擔(dān)心
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 對„„好奇
[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林確信自己有能力做這活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他對誰花錢都很慷慨，結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。She is very active in helping the poor. 在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，沒有意識到我進(jìn)來了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試。
【考例l】(2005重慶)
-- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
[考查目標(biāo)] 同定搭配中介詞的選擇。
[答案與解析] A be slow in 意為“在„„方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，be patient with 意為“對„„有耐心”。
4. end up with...以„„結(jié)束
(1) end up with + n. 以„„結(jié)束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
(2) end up as...后成為„He will end up as a president some day.
(3) end up + 地點狀語后(有„„結(jié)局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.
5. “make + 名詞”短語
① make a noise 吵鬧
② make faces 做鬼臉，做苦臉
③ make room for 給„„騰出地方
④ make the bed 整理床鋪
⑤ make phone calls 打電話
⑥ make friends with 交朋友
⑦ make money 賺錢
⑧ make use of 利用
⑨ make a decision 做出決定
⑩ make a mistake 犯錯誤
[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老師轉(zhuǎn)身時，男孩朝老師做了個鬼臉。
Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。
They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 為了給更重要的人物騰出
地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. (2003北京春招)
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查make短語。
[答案與解析] A make out意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相” make off 意為“連忙跑掉”；make up 意為“彌補、打扮、組成”；make over 意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因為受到迷惑，所以應(yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。