Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休為時(shí)尚早
1.Done with the 9 to 52 but not prepared to hang it up3? This work may be for you: the bridge job.
1、在結(jié)束了朝九晚五的工作之后，是不是仍然不想完全放棄工作而退休呢?如果是的話，這份工作可能是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇：返聘工作。
2.Two years ago,Bob Mark way retired. Or so he thought. After joining Shell's exploration and production unit in 1973,Mark way had climbed the ranks to manage its deep water operations in the Gulf of Mexico. He had reached an age and accumulated enough years of service to sail off into the sunset with a good pension. Both kids' college tuitions and one of their weddings were out of the way; his 46-ft. sailboat,the Sazerac,beckoned. But then Hurricane Katrina walloped his house two blocks from Lake Pontchartrain,and his plans for a clean break from his career shifted. "Suddenly,having cash outside of retirement plans began to look like a pretty good idea," says Markway,now 55. Besides,he felt a need to be useful. When Shell offered him interesting work on a project basis,he took it-on the condition it not interfere with sailing season.
2、兩年前，Bob Markway退休了;至少他自己認(rèn)為已經(jīng)退休了。1973年，他進(jìn)入殼牌公司勘探和生產(chǎn)部工作，之后他不斷得到升職直至最后主管該公司在墨西哥灣的深水作業(yè)部門。如今，他已到了退休的年齡，多年來的工作足可以讓他享有一筆不錯(cuò)的退休金，從而可以駕駛著帆船徜徉在夕陽的余暉之中。兩個(gè)孩子上大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)，和其中一個(gè)孩子的婚禮費(fèi)用都已不是問題，他那46英尺長的帆船Sazerac正整裝待發(fā)。然而，后來發(fā)生的“卡特里娜”颶風(fēng)摧毀了他距離Pontchartrain湖兩個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的房子，他原本想徹底退休的打算也有了新的變化。眼下已經(jīng)55歲的Markway說道：“突然之間，在退休期間繼續(xù)賺錢，好像開始成了一個(gè)非常不錯(cuò)的想法?！贝送猓灿X得有必要讓自己成為一個(gè)有用的人。當(dāng)殼牌公司為他提供了一份有意思的項(xiàng)目工作時(shí)，他接受了，條件是：工作不會影響他的帆船之旅。
3.What Markway is experiencing is a new kind of American career stage: the not-quite-retirement. As life spans lengthen,pensions tighten and workplace rules change,hopping from full-time work to full-time leisure is appearing less realistic and,to some,less desirable. The trend has given rise to a new category of employment,the so-called bridge job. Economists use this term to describe part-time or full-time jobs typically held for less than 10 years following full-time careers. According to a 2005 working paper from the Center on Aging and Work at Boston College,one-half to two-thirds of workers take on bridge jobs before fully retiring-one reason the number of workers 65 and up is expected to increase 117% by 2025. "Why go from 100 m.p.h. to zero?" says Joseph Quinn,a Boston College economist and co-author of the paper. "You wouldn't do that in your car. You'd do 70,then 50,then 20."
3、Markway現(xiàn)在所經(jīng)歷的是美國一種新型的職業(yè)階段--非完全退休。隨著人類壽命的不斷延長，退休金額的日漸緊縮，以及工作要求的最新變化，放棄全職工作、置身終日消遣的可能性似乎越來越不現(xiàn)實(shí);對于某些人而言，這也是情非所愿的。這種趨勢帶來了一種新的就業(yè)形式，也就是所謂的“返聘工作(the bridge job)”。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家用這個(gè)術(shù)語來描述那些兼職或是全職工作，這些工作一般是在退休后時(shí)間少于10年的再工作。根據(jù)波士頓大學(xué)老年人及其就業(yè)研究中心2005年的研究報(bào)告，有二分之一到三分之二的員工在完全退休之前從事返聘工作，這也是年齡在65歲或65歲以上的員工人數(shù)到2025年預(yù)計(jì)將增長117%的原因之一。Joseph Quinn是波士頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，也是2005年研究報(bào)告團(tuán)的合著者，他說道：“為什么要把時(shí)速從100英里突然降至零呢?你在開車時(shí)恐怕也不會這么做。你會把時(shí)速從100英里降至70英里，再降至50英里，再降至20英里?！?BR> 4.The prolonged-work ethic comes at a time when American companies face a demographics-driven crisis4: What happens when the 76 million baby boomers retire? As older workers begin to leave work in droves,economists project a labor shortage of 10 million by the end of the decade. Some industries,such as utilities,education and energy,are already struggling to stanch the institutional brain drain. So,older workers want to keep working,and employers need them-crisis solved. Right? Not quite,says Deborah Russell,director of workforce issues at the AARP5. Revamping retirement systems requires shifts in attitudes and bureaucratic pension rules. "It comes down to the perception that if you're 58,how much do I want to invest in you?" she says. "This is a critical issue for employers to overcome-for their own good."
4、退休再就業(yè)的現(xiàn)象根源于美國公司曾經(jīng)面臨勞力匱乏的危機(jī)--當(dāng)7600萬在生育高峰期出生的人退休后，將會發(fā)生什么問題?當(dāng)年老的員工陸續(xù)退休之后，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測到本年代末將會出現(xiàn)1億的勞力短缺。一些諸如公共事業(yè)、教育和能源公司等產(chǎn)業(yè)部門早已開始致力于阻止公司的人才流失現(xiàn)象。因此，年老的員工希望繼續(xù)工作，而雇主又需要他們--危機(jī)因此得以解決。事實(shí)確實(shí)如此嗎?美國退休人員協(xié)會勞力問題部的主任Deborah Russell認(rèn)為，事實(shí)并非完全如此。修訂退休制度需要改變?nèi)藗兊膽B(tài)度和那些官僚化的退休金制度?！皢栴}最終歸結(jié)于：如果你已58歲，我還愿意在你身上投入多少?”Deborah說道：“這是雇主們必須解決的重大問題--這是為他們自己的利益著想?！?