Notes on the text課文注釋
1 pay for, 付出代價,得到報應。
2 Mad Cow Disease (BSE), 瘋牛病。
這是牛得的一種病的醫(yī)學名稱的縮寫,全稱為牛海綿狀組織病。這種病的首例在80年代末發(fā)生在英國,很難徹底治愈。此病俗稱“瘋牛病”。因為患病的動物無法控制自身的行為。
3 you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables…你可以兩者擇一:或是選用價格昂貴、有機培植的蔬菜,或是當你認為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜的時候,實際上每次都不斷地吃進殺蟲劑。
the choice of… or…, 在……和……之間選擇。
4 burglar alarm, 防盜警報器;go off, 響起。
5 car alarm, 汽車防盜警報器。
6 large container truck, 運輸大型集裝箱的卡車。
7 mobile phone, 移動式電話,俗稱“大哥大”。
8 against these figures, 與這些數(shù)字相比。
參考譯文
污染就是我們?yōu)檫@個人口過密、過度工業(yè)化的星球所付出的代價。當我們開始考慮垃圾問題時,我們只有4種對付垃圾的方法:傾倒、焚燒、把垃圾變成再生材料或試圖少產(chǎn)生一些垃圾。我們一直在試這4種方式,但是,我們在世界范圍內(nèi)僅產(chǎn)生的垃圾的量就有把我們覆蓋的危險。
然而,垃圾只是我們這個星球的污染問題的一個方面。日益增長的對廉價食物的需求導致了另一種形式的污染。工業(yè)化的農(nóng)作方式生產(chǎn)出了廉價的肉類制品——牛肉、豬肉和雞肉。使用殺蟲劑和化肥生產(chǎn)出了廉價的谷物和蔬菜。為了廉價食物我們付出的代價已經(jīng)太高了:牛肉中的瘋牛病,雞肉和雞蛋中的沙門氏菌,奶制品中的利斯特桿菌。如果你想放棄肉類而變成一位素食者,那么你可以兩者擇一:或是選用價格昂貴、有機培植的蔬菜,或是當你認為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜或飲用一杯無害的水的時候,實際上每次都不斷吃進殺蟲劑。
但是,還有一種更加隱蔽有害的污染,它專門影響城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū),侵襲我們的日常生活,那就是噪音。防盜警報器在白天和黑夜的任何時候都會響起來,它的作用只是騷擾過路行人,而實際上卻幫助竊賊入室行竊。在街上,汽車的防盜警報不斷對我們吼叫,這是人們極度煩躁的一個原因。近一個有關噪音的作用的調(diào)查(令人吃驚地)指出,夜間連續(xù)不斷的狗叫聲,在一個從1級至7級的刻度表上應列為嚴重的噪音污染。這個調(diào)查揭示了我們所不喜歡的大量的噪音的來源:夏天嗚嗚作響的割草機,公寓樓里深夜聚會的喧嘩聲,大聲吵鬧的鄰居,各式各樣的車輛,特別是穿越寂靜的村莊的集裝箱卡車,從頭頂飛過的飛機和直升機,被帶到公共場所、音量開到大的大功率收音機。新技術(shù)也為噪音作出了它的貢獻。許多人都反對移動式電話,特別是在如飯店、公共交通車等公共場所使用移動電話。用移動電話大聲交談干擾我們的思路,破壞我們和朋友在一起輕聲聊天所得到的樂趣。這個有關噪聲污染的調(diào)查還揭示了一種出人意外而同時可能會引人發(fā)笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾聲。人類是這方面的罪魁禍首。調(diào)查指出,20%的35歲左右的男人打鼾;而到60歲這個年齡段,這個數(shù)字上升到令人驚愕的60%。與這些數(shù)字相比,只有5%的女性經(jīng)常打鼾,而其余的則經(jīng)常被與她們同睡、像吹號似地打著呼嚕的男人吵醒或弄得睡不著。不管噪聲來自何方,有一點是肯定的:看來寂靜已變成一種珍貴的回憶。
Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 - the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide ______ .
a.is heaped up like a great mountain
b.is spread over the world like a blanket
c.is already beyond our control
d.is like a tide that will rise and drown us
2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is ______ .
a.the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
b.the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost
c.the conflict between good hygiene and cheap meat production
d.the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables
3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is ______ .
a.dogs barking all night
b.people using mobile phones
c.heavy trucks in quiet villages
d.noisy neighbours having parties
4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for ______ .
a.young males in particular
b.a(chǎn) majority of middle-aged men
c.women of all ages
d.young women especially Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
5 - there are only four ways ______ rubbish. (11. 2-3)
a.of dealing with
b.which to deal with
c.can be dealt with
d.to be dealing with
6 We keep trying ______ methods. (1. 5)
a.these all four
b.of these all four
c.a(chǎn)ll of these four
d.a(chǎn)ll these of four
7 Burglar alarms ______ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy. (11. 16-17)
a.that go off
b.that are going off
c.go off
d.which going off
8 A recent survey revealed that ______ dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislike most. (11. 18-19)
a.it is
b.is
c.there be
d.there are
Vocabulary 詞匯
9 New technology has also ______ in noise pollution. (1. 23)
a.done its bit
b.done a share
c.played a role
d.given its all
10 A lot of people ______ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (1. 24)
a.except
b.offend
c.take exception
d.take offence
11 The noise pollution survey ______ a rather surprising source of noise. (11. 26-27)
a.brought to light
b.gave birth to
c.came to be
d.took the lid off
12 ______ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (1. 29)
a.Comparing with
b.By comparison with
c.In comparing
d.In comparing with
1 pay for, 付出代價,得到報應。
2 Mad Cow Disease (BSE), 瘋牛病。
這是牛得的一種病的醫(yī)學名稱的縮寫,全稱為牛海綿狀組織病。這種病的首例在80年代末發(fā)生在英國,很難徹底治愈。此病俗稱“瘋牛病”。因為患病的動物無法控制自身的行為。
3 you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables…你可以兩者擇一:或是選用價格昂貴、有機培植的蔬菜,或是當你認為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜的時候,實際上每次都不斷地吃進殺蟲劑。
the choice of… or…, 在……和……之間選擇。
4 burglar alarm, 防盜警報器;go off, 響起。
5 car alarm, 汽車防盜警報器。
6 large container truck, 運輸大型集裝箱的卡車。
7 mobile phone, 移動式電話,俗稱“大哥大”。
8 against these figures, 與這些數(shù)字相比。
參考譯文
污染就是我們?yōu)檫@個人口過密、過度工業(yè)化的星球所付出的代價。當我們開始考慮垃圾問題時,我們只有4種對付垃圾的方法:傾倒、焚燒、把垃圾變成再生材料或試圖少產(chǎn)生一些垃圾。我們一直在試這4種方式,但是,我們在世界范圍內(nèi)僅產(chǎn)生的垃圾的量就有把我們覆蓋的危險。
然而,垃圾只是我們這個星球的污染問題的一個方面。日益增長的對廉價食物的需求導致了另一種形式的污染。工業(yè)化的農(nóng)作方式生產(chǎn)出了廉價的肉類制品——牛肉、豬肉和雞肉。使用殺蟲劑和化肥生產(chǎn)出了廉價的谷物和蔬菜。為了廉價食物我們付出的代價已經(jīng)太高了:牛肉中的瘋牛病,雞肉和雞蛋中的沙門氏菌,奶制品中的利斯特桿菌。如果你想放棄肉類而變成一位素食者,那么你可以兩者擇一:或是選用價格昂貴、有機培植的蔬菜,或是當你認為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜或飲用一杯無害的水的時候,實際上每次都不斷吃進殺蟲劑。
但是,還有一種更加隱蔽有害的污染,它專門影響城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū),侵襲我們的日常生活,那就是噪音。防盜警報器在白天和黑夜的任何時候都會響起來,它的作用只是騷擾過路行人,而實際上卻幫助竊賊入室行竊。在街上,汽車的防盜警報不斷對我們吼叫,這是人們極度煩躁的一個原因。近一個有關噪音的作用的調(diào)查(令人吃驚地)指出,夜間連續(xù)不斷的狗叫聲,在一個從1級至7級的刻度表上應列為嚴重的噪音污染。這個調(diào)查揭示了我們所不喜歡的大量的噪音的來源:夏天嗚嗚作響的割草機,公寓樓里深夜聚會的喧嘩聲,大聲吵鬧的鄰居,各式各樣的車輛,特別是穿越寂靜的村莊的集裝箱卡車,從頭頂飛過的飛機和直升機,被帶到公共場所、音量開到大的大功率收音機。新技術(shù)也為噪音作出了它的貢獻。許多人都反對移動式電話,特別是在如飯店、公共交通車等公共場所使用移動電話。用移動電話大聲交談干擾我們的思路,破壞我們和朋友在一起輕聲聊天所得到的樂趣。這個有關噪聲污染的調(diào)查還揭示了一種出人意外而同時可能會引人發(fā)笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾聲。人類是這方面的罪魁禍首。調(diào)查指出,20%的35歲左右的男人打鼾;而到60歲這個年齡段,這個數(shù)字上升到令人驚愕的60%。與這些數(shù)字相比,只有5%的女性經(jīng)常打鼾,而其余的則經(jīng)常被與她們同睡、像吹號似地打著呼嚕的男人吵醒或弄得睡不著。不管噪聲來自何方,有一點是肯定的:看來寂靜已變成一種珍貴的回憶。
Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 - the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide ______ .
a.is heaped up like a great mountain
b.is spread over the world like a blanket
c.is already beyond our control
d.is like a tide that will rise and drown us
2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is ______ .
a.the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
b.the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost
c.the conflict between good hygiene and cheap meat production
d.the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables
3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is ______ .
a.dogs barking all night
b.people using mobile phones
c.heavy trucks in quiet villages
d.noisy neighbours having parties
4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for ______ .
a.young males in particular
b.a(chǎn) majority of middle-aged men
c.women of all ages
d.young women especially Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
5 - there are only four ways ______ rubbish. (11. 2-3)
a.of dealing with
b.which to deal with
c.can be dealt with
d.to be dealing with
6 We keep trying ______ methods. (1. 5)
a.these all four
b.of these all four
c.a(chǎn)ll of these four
d.a(chǎn)ll these of four
7 Burglar alarms ______ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy. (11. 16-17)
a.that go off
b.that are going off
c.go off
d.which going off
8 A recent survey revealed that ______ dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislike most. (11. 18-19)
a.it is
b.is
c.there be
d.there are
Vocabulary 詞匯
9 New technology has also ______ in noise pollution. (1. 23)
a.done its bit
b.done a share
c.played a role
d.given its all
10 A lot of people ______ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (1. 24)
a.except
b.offend
c.take exception
d.take offence
11 The noise pollution survey ______ a rather surprising source of noise. (11. 26-27)
a.brought to light
b.gave birth to
c.came to be
d.took the lid off
12 ______ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (1. 29)
a.Comparing with
b.By comparison with
c.In comparing
d.In comparing with