Notes on the text課文注釋
1 describe…as…作“把……描繪成……”、“認(rèn)為……”講。
2 located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river, 位于兩座小山之間，一條大河滔滔流過。
located…是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾situation;in the midst of which引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，which指two small hills。in the midst of, 在……之中。
3 by no means, 無論如何，決不。
4 be named after sb. , 以某人的名字命名。
5 be taken into account, 被考慮到。
6 It has been estimated…, 據(jù)估計，……。
7 be packed with…作“擠滿……”、“裝滿……”解。
參考譯文
1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港命名為安古拉姆。他對該港作了這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對算不上一個偉大的探險家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因為1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上長的吊橋是以他的名字命名的。
維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬·阿曼設(shè)計，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長4，260英尺。由于橋身太長，設(shè)計者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼筋混凝土平臺上。平臺深入海底100英尺。僅這兩座塔就花了16個月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋。4根鋼纜中的每根由26，108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計，若橋上擺滿了汽車，也只不過是橋的總承載力的1／3。然而，這座橋的重要特點不僅是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造型優(yōu)美，實現(xiàn)了設(shè)計者企圖創(chuàng)造一個“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫出一個龐然大物”的夢想。
Summary writing摘要寫作
Describe the Verrazano Bridge in not more than 80 words. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Answer these questions in note form to get your points:
1 What is the name of the bridge which joins Brooklyn to Staten Island?
2 What is its span?
3 How many towers has it got?
4 What do these towers support?
5 What are the towers built on?
6 How far under the sea do the platforms go?
7 How far above the surface do the towers rise?
8 What is the bridge suspended from?
9 How many lengths of wire does each of these cables contain?
10 Is the bridge very strong or not?
11 Is it simple and elegant or not?
Vocabulary詞匯
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: agreeable situa
tion （1．3）; in the midst （11．3-4）; considered （1．5）; remain immortal （1．6）; span （1．9）; taken into account （1．9）; support （1．10）.
Composition作文
Describe any bridge you know well. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words.
The bridge I know best is called …It joins …to …From far away it looks …but when you get near …It is made of …and supported by …which …If you stand on the bridge early in the morning, you can see…At this time everything is quiet. During the day, however, …I enjoy standing on the bridge at night when …In the darkness, you can see …In the stillness …are the only sounds that can be heard. (77 words)
Letter writing書信寫作
A friend who is coming to visit you has written to you asking for detailed information on how to get to your house. Write a reply in about 80 words. Supply a suitable Introduction and Conclusion. Use the following information to write the Purpose: which train to catch----where to get off----which bus to catch and where----any familiar landmark----where to get off----which road to take----where your house is.
Key structures關(guān)鍵句型
The Verrazano bridge was designed by Othmar Ammann. 被動語態(tài)(IKS 93)（參見第2冊第93課關(guān)鍵句型）
Exercise練習(xí)
Change the form of the verbs in these sentences. Omit the words in italics. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise: 1 Verrazano is an Italian about whom we know little.
2 They do not consider Verrazano to be a great explorer.
3 They named the greatest bridge in the world after him.
4 He had to take into account the shape of the earth.
5 They have estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars…
Special difficulties難點
He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. （11. 4-5）動詞不定式(Compare ISD 84)（對比第2冊第84課難點）
Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job.
We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job.
Exercise練習(xí)
Write these sentences again changing the form of the phrases in italics:
1 I believed that he owned property abroad.
2 The Minister declared that the treaty was invalid.
3 I know that he is a person of high integrity.
4 I guess that he is about twenty-seven years old.
5 We estimated that this picture is worth at least ￡ 500.
Multiple choice questions多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Verrazano's name will probably remain immortal because ______ .
a．it was after he discovered New York Harbour that a bridge was built
b．he named the river that the new bridge crosses
c．he was an explorer of considerable means
d．it has been given to the world's longest suspension bridge
2 The Verrazano Bridge was built with so wide a span because ______ .
a．it had to cover a wide stretch of water
b．of the unusual shape of the earth around Brooklyn and Staten Island
c．the water that lies between Brooklyn and Staten Island is very deep
d．the number of wires in each cable is so great
3 In designing the Verrazano Bridge, Othmar Ammann ______ .
a．had to account for the curvature of the earth's surface
b．spent over a year building the platforms that form the bridge's base
c．had to consider the number of vehicles that might cross the bridge at any one time
d．wished to reduce the size of the bridge as much as possible
Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
4 He described it ______ situated. (11. 2－3)
a．a(chǎn)s being very agreeably
b．was very agreeable to be
c．very agreeably having been
d．very agreeably as being
5 The Verrazano Bridge, ______ the design of Othmar Ammann. (1. 8)
a．is
b．was
c．were
d．has been
6 The length of the bridge is ______ the shape of the earth. (11. 9－10)
a．so that
b．such that
c．that which
d．thus
7 The towers are built on ______ which are sunk beneath the water. (11. 10－11)
a．ferro－concrete immense platforms
b．immense made of ferro－concrete platforms
c．a(chǎn)nd made of ferro－concrete immense platforms
d．immense ferro－concrete platforms
8 Even if the bridge were packed with cars, it could still ______ three times the load. (11. 14－15)
a．be carrying
b．be able to carry
c．only carry
d．carry
Vocabulary 詞匯
9‘a(chǎn) very agreeable situation with two small hills lying ______ ’(11. 3－4)
a．on either side
b．on every side
c．besides
d．side by side
10 The Verrazano Bridge ______ Brooklyn with Staten Island. (1. 8)
a．a(chǎn)ttaches (b)unifies (c)links (d)relates
11 A bridge which is hung from cables is known as a ______ bridge. (11. 12－13)
a．suspended
b．suspense
c．suspension
d．suspender
12 If the bridge were loaded with as many cars as it could ______ , it would still…(11. 14－15)
a．sustain
b．endure
c．receive
d．take
1 describe…as…作“把……描繪成……”、“認(rèn)為……”講。
2 located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river, 位于兩座小山之間，一條大河滔滔流過。
located…是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾situation;in the midst of which引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，which指two small hills。in the midst of, 在……之中。
3 by no means, 無論如何，決不。
4 be named after sb. , 以某人的名字命名。
5 be taken into account, 被考慮到。
6 It has been estimated…, 據(jù)估計，……。
7 be packed with…作“擠滿……”、“裝滿……”解。
參考譯文
1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港命名為安古拉姆。他對該港作了這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對算不上一個偉大的探險家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因為1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上長的吊橋是以他的名字命名的。
維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬·阿曼設(shè)計，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長4，260英尺。由于橋身太長，設(shè)計者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼筋混凝土平臺上。平臺深入海底100英尺。僅這兩座塔就花了16個月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋。4根鋼纜中的每根由26，108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計，若橋上擺滿了汽車，也只不過是橋的總承載力的1／3。然而，這座橋的重要特點不僅是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造型優(yōu)美，實現(xiàn)了設(shè)計者企圖創(chuàng)造一個“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫出一個龐然大物”的夢想。
Summary writing摘要寫作
Describe the Verrazano Bridge in not more than 80 words. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Answer these questions in note form to get your points:
1 What is the name of the bridge which joins Brooklyn to Staten Island?
2 What is its span?
3 How many towers has it got?
4 What do these towers support?
5 What are the towers built on?
6 How far under the sea do the platforms go?
7 How far above the surface do the towers rise?
8 What is the bridge suspended from?
9 How many lengths of wire does each of these cables contain?
10 Is the bridge very strong or not?
11 Is it simple and elegant or not?
Vocabulary詞匯
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: agreeable situa
tion （1．3）; in the midst （11．3-4）; considered （1．5）; remain immortal （1．6）; span （1．9）; taken into account （1．9）; support （1．10）.
Composition作文
Describe any bridge you know well. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words.
The bridge I know best is called …It joins …to …From far away it looks …but when you get near …It is made of …and supported by …which …If you stand on the bridge early in the morning, you can see…At this time everything is quiet. During the day, however, …I enjoy standing on the bridge at night when …In the darkness, you can see …In the stillness …are the only sounds that can be heard. (77 words)
Letter writing書信寫作
A friend who is coming to visit you has written to you asking for detailed information on how to get to your house. Write a reply in about 80 words. Supply a suitable Introduction and Conclusion. Use the following information to write the Purpose: which train to catch----where to get off----which bus to catch and where----any familiar landmark----where to get off----which road to take----where your house is.
Key structures關(guān)鍵句型
The Verrazano bridge was designed by Othmar Ammann. 被動語態(tài)(IKS 93)（參見第2冊第93課關(guān)鍵句型）
Exercise練習(xí)
Change the form of the verbs in these sentences. Omit the words in italics. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise: 1 Verrazano is an Italian about whom we know little.
2 They do not consider Verrazano to be a great explorer.
3 They named the greatest bridge in the world after him.
4 He had to take into account the shape of the earth.
5 They have estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars…
Special difficulties難點
He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. （11. 4-5）動詞不定式(Compare ISD 84)（對比第2冊第84課難點）
Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job.
We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job.
Exercise練習(xí)
Write these sentences again changing the form of the phrases in italics:
1 I believed that he owned property abroad.
2 The Minister declared that the treaty was invalid.
3 I know that he is a person of high integrity.
4 I guess that he is about twenty-seven years old.
5 We estimated that this picture is worth at least ￡ 500.
Multiple choice questions多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Verrazano's name will probably remain immortal because ______ .
a．it was after he discovered New York Harbour that a bridge was built
b．he named the river that the new bridge crosses
c．he was an explorer of considerable means
d．it has been given to the world's longest suspension bridge
2 The Verrazano Bridge was built with so wide a span because ______ .
a．it had to cover a wide stretch of water
b．of the unusual shape of the earth around Brooklyn and Staten Island
c．the water that lies between Brooklyn and Staten Island is very deep
d．the number of wires in each cable is so great
3 In designing the Verrazano Bridge, Othmar Ammann ______ .
a．had to account for the curvature of the earth's surface
b．spent over a year building the platforms that form the bridge's base
c．had to consider the number of vehicles that might cross the bridge at any one time
d．wished to reduce the size of the bridge as much as possible
Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
4 He described it ______ situated. (11. 2－3)
a．a(chǎn)s being very agreeably
b．was very agreeable to be
c．very agreeably having been
d．very agreeably as being
5 The Verrazano Bridge, ______ the design of Othmar Ammann. (1. 8)
a．is
b．was
c．were
d．has been
6 The length of the bridge is ______ the shape of the earth. (11. 9－10)
a．so that
b．such that
c．that which
d．thus
7 The towers are built on ______ which are sunk beneath the water. (11. 10－11)
a．ferro－concrete immense platforms
b．immense made of ferro－concrete platforms
c．a(chǎn)nd made of ferro－concrete immense platforms
d．immense ferro－concrete platforms
8 Even if the bridge were packed with cars, it could still ______ three times the load. (11. 14－15)
a．be carrying
b．be able to carry
c．only carry
d．carry
Vocabulary 詞匯
9‘a(chǎn) very agreeable situation with two small hills lying ______ ’(11. 3－4)
a．on either side
b．on every side
c．besides
d．side by side
10 The Verrazano Bridge ______ Brooklyn with Staten Island. (1. 8)
a．a(chǎn)ttaches (b)unifies (c)links (d)relates
11 A bridge which is hung from cables is known as a ______ bridge. (11. 12－13)
a．suspended
b．suspense
c．suspension
d．suspender
12 If the bridge were loaded with as many cars as it could ______ , it would still…(11. 14－15)
a．sustain
b．endure
c．receive
d．take