數(shù)詞
(一) 數(shù)詞是由兩大部分構(gòu)成的即基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，而其他數(shù)字表示法如分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)等均由這兩大部分的不同組合而構(gòu)成。
基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞為基數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表：
范 圍
特 點(diǎn)
實(shí) 例
1~12
無規(guī)律
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19
以teen為結(jié)尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90
以ty結(jié)尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99
十位與個(gè)位之間要加連字符 “-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999
百位與十位之間通常用and
three hundred and twenty-five（美語中常將and省略）
千以上
6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
(二) 序數(shù)詞：表示順序的數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表：
范 圍
特 點(diǎn)
實(shí) 例
1~19
各基數(shù)詞尾加th
其中七個(gè)例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90
把y變i后加eth
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位數(shù)
最后一個(gè)數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，其余用基數(shù)詞
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
(三) 數(shù)詞的用法：
1.英語中年月日、點(diǎn)鐘、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、算式列表
示例
英語表示法
2001．6．30
June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25
seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54
twelve fifty four six to one
9:15
nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30
two thirty half past two
21:50
twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21
twenty-first
第123
one hundred and twenty-third
a half
two and two-fifths
20%
20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽車
Bus Number Seven
20%
20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽車
Bus Number Seven
第201房間
Room 201
人民路153號(hào)
153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12
Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4
Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30
Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4
twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B
A is more than B.
A＜B
A is less than B.
A≈B
A is approximately (近似地, 大約)equals to B.
A≠B
A is not equal to B.
2.約數(shù)表示法列表
含義
英語表達(dá)
例句
大于某數(shù)
more than
He has lived here for more than twenty years.
over
she is over fifty.
or more
There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某數(shù)
less than
I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under
Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
below
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
or less
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大約（某數(shù)）
nearly
She is nearly fifty now.
almost
Its almost three o'clock.
up to
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or
He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so
The distance is twenty miles or so.
about
I visited that village about three years ago.
some
Their team has some four or five players.
more or less
The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/round
Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定數(shù)量詞“多”的表示法列表
被修飾名詞的數(shù)
英語表達(dá)
漢譯
修飾可數(shù)名詞
dozens of
幾十、許多
scores of
許多
many, a good(great) many, many a (飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
許多、大量
hundreds of
數(shù)以百計(jì)
thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of
成千上萬
millions of
數(shù)百萬
billions of
億萬
修飾不可數(shù)名詞
much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of
許多、大量
修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of ,
large quantities of
許多、大量
(四) 數(shù)詞的用法
數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。
1. 基數(shù)詞的用法
(1) 基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：
Thirty of them are Party members.(主語)
--- How many would you like?
--- Three ，please.(作賓語)
The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定語)
Six plus four is ten.(表語)
We four will go with you.(同位語)
(2) 表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred, thousand, million一律不用復(fù)數(shù);在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
They arrived in twos and threes.
(3) 表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：
He is in his early thirties.
He died still in his forties.
This took place in 1930s.
(4) 表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：
We get up at six.
The workers begin work at eight.
表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如：
ten past ten,
a quarter past nine,
half past twelve
表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to, 但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如：
twenty to nine,
five to eight,
a quarter to ten
表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：
seven fifteen,
eleven thirty,
nine twenty
2. 序數(shù)詞的用法
(1)序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：
The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.
John lives on the fifteenth floor.
(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：
We'll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak.
(3)由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時(shí)不對(duì)應(yīng)，很容易寫錯(cuò)，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。
(4)表示年，月，日時(shí)， 年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：
1949年十月一日讀作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty
2004年九月十日讀作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four
(5)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：
three fourths,
one second,
two fifths
(6)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫形式：
first→1st second→2nd
third→3rd fourth→4th
twenty-second→22nd