首先要明確一點：雅思是語言技能考試，考官在意的并不是你每道題回答了哪些具體內(nèi)容，而是你怎么答的：是自然流暢條理清晰地回答，還是磕磕巴巴想到什么說什么?是正確靈活運(yùn)用了不同句子結(jié)構(gòu)，還是只會用簡單句，好不容易用個復(fù)雜句還用錯了?真實考場中Part One和Part Three部分，往往是一道題目剛答完，下一道題接踵而至，那么如何在這樣一個高強(qiáng)度的環(huán)境下，從容應(yīng)對各種問題，避免腦袋短路?
先不說預(yù)測題庫中你是不是每道題目都有思路，按照預(yù)測逐個題目毫無章法地準(zhǔn)備顯然耗時耗力，也不會根本解決上述問題。其實，將Part One和Part Three所有問題進(jìn)行分類，只有12種題型(見表1)。也就是說，盡管話題不同，很多題目提問方式其實是有共性的。這也就意味著，Part One和PartThree這部分，我們要攻克的是這12種題型，而不是不計其數(shù)的具體題目。筆者根據(jù)每種題型的特點和考點，總結(jié)了21種好操作的答題方法/結(jié)構(gòu)，幫你輕松應(yīng)對Part One和Part Three所有題型，而且有些答題方法適用于不同題型。
表1：Part One和Part Three題型分類
題目類型常見問法
個人喜好類
Do you like…?
Do you prefer A or B?
What kinds of … do you like?
Which/who/what is your favorite …?
描述類
Can you describe …?/Tell me about …
習(xí)慣日常類
What do you usually do when …?
Do you usually …?
How often do you …?
其他Wh-問題
經(jīng)歷類
Have you ever done …?
Did you ever do … when you were a child?
其他Wh-問題
個人未來打算類
Would you like to do something in the future?
What ___ would you like to ____?
普遍流行類
Are _____ popular in China?
Do people in your country like _____?
What kind of ____ is popular in China?
利弊優(yōu)缺點類
What are the advantages of ______?
What are the disadvantages of _______?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of _____?
應(yīng)不應(yīng)該類
Should …?
Do you think it’s important to do something?
What do you think of …?
Why類
Why do people do something?
對比類
What are the differences between A and B?
How has something changed in the past and now?
建議類
How can we do something?
What advice would you give to …?
What can be done to …?
預(yù)測類
How might something change in the future?
What ______ might _______ in the future?
接下來以Part One和Part Three都會出現(xiàn)的“普遍流行類”題目為例，講解三個答題方法/結(jié)構(gòu)，大家體會一下?！捌毡榱餍蓄悺蓖ǔＳ幸韵聨追N提問方式：
Are _____ popular in China?
Do people in your country like _____?
What kind of ____ is popular in China?
這里要注意，“普遍流行類”與“個人喜好類”題目不同,“普遍流行類”關(guān)注的是整個社會群體，而不再是你個人的情況，所以拓展答案時不再是談自己的例子，而是社會大群體的例子。解決這類題型，筆者總結(jié)了三中答題方法，分別是：分情況討論法;由自己城市到全國預(yù)測;由面到點(泛泛-具體)。讓我們具體來看一下。
方法1：分情況討論。顧名思義，就是提出兩個對立的方面(老年人VS年輕人;男VS女;南方VS北方;冬天VS夏天)，然后分別討論。這個方法可以讓我們合理使用If條件狀語從句并且展現(xiàn)對比邏輯，具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
It depends on which season/city/gender/age we are talking about. If…, then… But if …, then …
代入例題如下：
Do people in your country prefer to spend time indoors or outdoors?
Well, it depends on which season we are talking about. If it’s in summer, most of people are more likely to take part in outdoor activities to enjoy sunshine. But if it’s in winter, people from southern China would still prefer outdoor activities as it’s still relatively warm outside, whereas people from northern China tend to stay at home since it’s freezing cold outside.
另外，分情況討論的方法也可以用于解答“日常習(xí)慣類”部分題目。
方法2：自己城市---全國預(yù)測。這個思路首先交代自己不是很清楚整個國家的情況，但是，就自己家鄉(xiāng)而言，如何流行或者不流行，然后對全國的情況進(jìn)行一個推測。這個思路可以展現(xiàn)我們的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、因果邏輯以及使用情態(tài)動詞表示推測的能力。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Well, I must admit I don’t know too much about other cities, but in my hometown, _______. I suppose that other cities may have a similar situation, so it can be said that ______ is quite popular here.
代入例題如下：
Are science museums popular in China?
Well, I must admit that I don’t know too much about other cities, but in my hometown there is a science museum, which is quite busy, whether it’s during the weekdays or at weekends. Actually, many schools organize students to visit it regularly. I supposethat other cities may have a similar situation, so it can be said that science museums are quite popular here.
方法3：由面到點(泛泛-具體)。這個方法適合“What kinds of ____ is popular”這種問類別的題目。先泛泛的說流行哪幾種類型，利用這個展示自己詞匯的機(jī)會，接著主次分明，選擇一個你覺得最流行的重點給細(xì)節(jié)解釋。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
… you can easily find many kinds of …, such as … But ____ is definitely the most well-known in China. + 然后給細(xì)節(jié)具體解釋怎么最流行的
代入例題如下：
What are some popular handicrafts in China?
Oh, I dare to say you can easily find many kinds of handicrafts, like embroidery, Chinese knot and paper crane. But as I see it, paper-cut is definitely the most well-known here. For example, almost everyone in China has learnt to make paper-cuts from art classes in primary school. Also, some patterns of paper-cuts symbolize good luck and well-being, so we like to decorate our apartment with those paper-cuts on the walls, windows or doors, especially during Spring Festival.
由面到點這個思路還適用于“個人喜好類”部分題目。
值得注意的是，每個題目可能有多種思路，同時一種思路可能適用于多種題型，請靈活使用。如果我們把每個題型的答題方法熟練掌握，并且根據(jù)話題積累語料，無論考場遇到什么奇葩題目，都是可以對答如流的!
先不說預(yù)測題庫中你是不是每道題目都有思路，按照預(yù)測逐個題目毫無章法地準(zhǔn)備顯然耗時耗力，也不會根本解決上述問題。其實，將Part One和Part Three所有問題進(jìn)行分類，只有12種題型(見表1)。也就是說，盡管話題不同，很多題目提問方式其實是有共性的。這也就意味著，Part One和PartThree這部分，我們要攻克的是這12種題型，而不是不計其數(shù)的具體題目。筆者根據(jù)每種題型的特點和考點，總結(jié)了21種好操作的答題方法/結(jié)構(gòu)，幫你輕松應(yīng)對Part One和Part Three所有題型，而且有些答題方法適用于不同題型。
表1：Part One和Part Three題型分類
題目類型常見問法
個人喜好類
Do you like…?
Do you prefer A or B?
What kinds of … do you like?
Which/who/what is your favorite …?
描述類
Can you describe …?/Tell me about …
習(xí)慣日常類
What do you usually do when …?
Do you usually …?
How often do you …?
其他Wh-問題
經(jīng)歷類
Have you ever done …?
Did you ever do … when you were a child?
其他Wh-問題
個人未來打算類
Would you like to do something in the future?
What ___ would you like to ____?
普遍流行類
Are _____ popular in China?
Do people in your country like _____?
What kind of ____ is popular in China?
利弊優(yōu)缺點類
What are the advantages of ______?
What are the disadvantages of _______?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of _____?
應(yīng)不應(yīng)該類
Should …?
Do you think it’s important to do something?
What do you think of …?
Why類
Why do people do something?
對比類
What are the differences between A and B?
How has something changed in the past and now?
建議類
How can we do something?
What advice would you give to …?
What can be done to …?
預(yù)測類
How might something change in the future?
What ______ might _______ in the future?
接下來以Part One和Part Three都會出現(xiàn)的“普遍流行類”題目為例，講解三個答題方法/結(jié)構(gòu)，大家體會一下?！捌毡榱餍蓄悺蓖ǔＳ幸韵聨追N提問方式：
Are _____ popular in China?
Do people in your country like _____?
What kind of ____ is popular in China?
這里要注意，“普遍流行類”與“個人喜好類”題目不同,“普遍流行類”關(guān)注的是整個社會群體，而不再是你個人的情況，所以拓展答案時不再是談自己的例子，而是社會大群體的例子。解決這類題型，筆者總結(jié)了三中答題方法，分別是：分情況討論法;由自己城市到全國預(yù)測;由面到點(泛泛-具體)。讓我們具體來看一下。
方法1：分情況討論。顧名思義，就是提出兩個對立的方面(老年人VS年輕人;男VS女;南方VS北方;冬天VS夏天)，然后分別討論。這個方法可以讓我們合理使用If條件狀語從句并且展現(xiàn)對比邏輯，具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
It depends on which season/city/gender/age we are talking about. If…, then… But if …, then …
代入例題如下：
Do people in your country prefer to spend time indoors or outdoors?
Well, it depends on which season we are talking about. If it’s in summer, most of people are more likely to take part in outdoor activities to enjoy sunshine. But if it’s in winter, people from southern China would still prefer outdoor activities as it’s still relatively warm outside, whereas people from northern China tend to stay at home since it’s freezing cold outside.
另外，分情況討論的方法也可以用于解答“日常習(xí)慣類”部分題目。
方法2：自己城市---全國預(yù)測。這個思路首先交代自己不是很清楚整個國家的情況，但是，就自己家鄉(xiāng)而言，如何流行或者不流行，然后對全國的情況進(jìn)行一個推測。這個思路可以展現(xiàn)我們的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、因果邏輯以及使用情態(tài)動詞表示推測的能力。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Well, I must admit I don’t know too much about other cities, but in my hometown, _______. I suppose that other cities may have a similar situation, so it can be said that ______ is quite popular here.
代入例題如下：
Are science museums popular in China?
Well, I must admit that I don’t know too much about other cities, but in my hometown there is a science museum, which is quite busy, whether it’s during the weekdays or at weekends. Actually, many schools organize students to visit it regularly. I supposethat other cities may have a similar situation, so it can be said that science museums are quite popular here.
方法3：由面到點(泛泛-具體)。這個方法適合“What kinds of ____ is popular”這種問類別的題目。先泛泛的說流行哪幾種類型，利用這個展示自己詞匯的機(jī)會，接著主次分明，選擇一個你覺得最流行的重點給細(xì)節(jié)解釋。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
… you can easily find many kinds of …, such as … But ____ is definitely the most well-known in China. + 然后給細(xì)節(jié)具體解釋怎么最流行的
代入例題如下：
What are some popular handicrafts in China?
Oh, I dare to say you can easily find many kinds of handicrafts, like embroidery, Chinese knot and paper crane. But as I see it, paper-cut is definitely the most well-known here. For example, almost everyone in China has learnt to make paper-cuts from art classes in primary school. Also, some patterns of paper-cuts symbolize good luck and well-being, so we like to decorate our apartment with those paper-cuts on the walls, windows or doors, especially during Spring Festival.
由面到點這個思路還適用于“個人喜好類”部分題目。
值得注意的是，每個題目可能有多種思路，同時一種思路可能適用于多種題型，請靈活使用。如果我們把每個題型的答題方法熟練掌握，并且根據(jù)話題積累語料，無論考場遇到什么奇葩題目，都是可以對答如流的!