Lesson 43 Over the South Pole
【New words and expressions】（13）
pole n.（地球的）極
flight n. 飛行
explorer n. 探險(xiǎn)家
lie v. 處于
serious adj. 嚴(yán)重的
point n. 地點(diǎn)
seem v. 似乎
crash v. 墜毀
sack n. 袋子
clear v. 越過
aircraft n. 飛機(jī)
endless adj. 無盡的
plain n. 平原
★pole n.（地球的）極
the South Pole 南極；the North Pole 北極
Pole Star 北極星
★flight n. 飛行
fly v. 飛
★explorer [iks5plC:rE, eks-] n. 探險(xiǎn)家, 探測者, 探測器 [計(jì)]Windows資源管理器
explore [iks5plC:] v.探險(xiǎn), 探測, 探究
exploration [7eksplC:5reiFEn] n.(科研相關(guān))探險(xiǎn),探求,開發(fā)
adventure [Ed5ventFE(r)] n.冒險(xiǎn)(追求刺激)
venture [5ventFE(r)] n. 冒險(xiǎn)(為了財(cái)富,沒有生命保障)
★lie v. 處于
① vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 處于,位于(+地點(diǎn))
The mountains lie below us now.
The town lies to the east of London.
② vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 躺，（平）臥
lie 現(xiàn)在分詞--> lying
stay in bed = lie in bed 躺在床上
While I sat by the fire, my dog lay beside me.
③ vt.（lied，lied） 撒謊
tell a lie 撒謊
You lied. = You lied to me.你騙人! 你撒謊!
You,liar! 你, 騙子! (liar [5laiE] n.(慣于)說謊者)
④ n.謊言
lay （laid,laid）
① vt. 放,放置
lay sth.
② vt. 下蛋, 產(chǎn)卵
lay an egg 下一個(gè)蛋
hang（hung，hung） 掛,懸掛
hang（hanged，hanged） 絞刑
★point n. 地點(diǎn)
point 點(diǎn)，一般指從飛機(jī)上向下看的點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn) place，spot
sina.com中的 “.” 讀為dot（點(diǎn)）
@讀為at
★seem v. 似乎，看起來
seem + as if 看起來似乎……
He seems as if he had never lived in England before.
seem + adj.
He seems rich.
seem to be
He seems to be rich.
seem that… 看起來似乎……
It seems that he is rich.
★crash [klAF] v. 墜毀（從上向下掉）；n. 沖突, 撞擊聲, 抵觸
aircrash 空難 ， carcrash 車禍
strike v. 撞擊
collide [kE5laid] vi.碰撞, 抵觸(兩個(gè)都運(yùn)動(dòng)的東西相撞)
★clear v. 越過
clear v. (凌空、不接觸地)越過, 跳過，沒有接觸面的飛躍
clear the mountain 飛躍山峰
The horse cleared the fense. （fense n.籬笆,柵欄,墻 v.圍住,防護(hù)）
over adv. 越過(距離)
go over飛躍
★plain n. 平原
plain girl 平凡的女孩
I'm a plain girl.
mountains n. 高山
【Text】
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
參考譯文
美國探險(xiǎn)家 R.E. 伯德在飛越北極3年之后, 于1929年第飛越了南極. 雖然開始時(shí)伯德和他的助手們拍下了飛機(jī)下面連綿群山的大量照片, 但他們很快就陷入了困境. 在有個(gè)地方, 飛機(jī)似乎肯定要墜毀了. 只有在飛至10,000英尺的高度時(shí), 它才能飛過這些山頭. 伯德馬上命令他的助手們把兩個(gè)沉重的食物袋扔掉, 于是飛機(jī)可以上升了, 它在離山頭400英尺的高度飛越了過去. 伯德這時(shí)知道他能夠順利飛抵300英里以外的南極了, 因?yàn)榍懊嬖贈(zèng)]有山了. 飛機(jī)可以毫無困難地飛過這片茫茫無際的白色原野!
【課文講解】
1、In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
for the first time 第（time表示“次，回”，還可以說this time，last time，next time，another time，each time，for the last time等）
I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train.
Give him these photos next time you see him.
2、Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.
連詞though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其含義是“雖然……，盡管……”
Although/Though/Even though I felt sorry for him ,I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.
雖然我為他感到惋惜，但對他的困難我卻暗自高興。
take a photograph of… 拍……的照片
He took a photograph of his house before he left home.
run into trouble = get into trouble 遇到麻煩，陷入困境
Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.
3、At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
at one point 在某一地方，在某一時(shí)刻（point也指時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)）
At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.他曾一度下決心要當(dāng)個(gè)畫家。
it為先行主語，真正的主語為that引導(dǎo)的從句。it作先行主語時(shí)經(jīng)常與seem，appear，look等連用：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.
現(xiàn)在似乎可以肯定會(huì)議將被推遲。
4、It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.
rise to … 上升至……
5、The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
by表示“相差，以……之差”的意思
I missed the train by ten minutes. 我晚了10分鐘，沒趕上火車。
He is younger than me by two years. 他比我小兩歲。
【Key structures】
Can and Be able to
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞can/could用于表示請求別人允許或答復(fù)時(shí)的情況:
Can/Could I borrow you pen?
can有時(shí)可以表示可能性：
I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like.
在表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時(shí)，can/could可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)，can/could與be able to通?？梢曰Q，表示將來的“能力”時(shí)，則用will be able to：
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen.
I tried again and found I could/was able to swim.
Can Jane swim yet?
No, but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.
在談到說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事時(shí)，一般不用be able to：
Look! I can stand on my head.
在表示成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could，而用be able to；如果表示某一動(dòng)作沒有取得成功， 則可用couldn’t：
It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary.
Oh, didn’t you know? He was able to visit her after all.
He was able to leave Europe before the war began. 他在戰(zhàn)爭開始之前得以離開歐洲。
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.
在問及過去某一具體活動(dòng)時(shí)可用could，但回答是肯定的時(shí)候則不能：
Could he borrow a car?
Yes, he was able to borrow a car after all./No, he couldn’t.
【Special Difficulties】
含有介詞at的詞組
at與許多詞可以構(gòu)成固定詞組，其中表示時(shí)間的有：at first（開始時(shí)，初），at once（馬上，立刻），at present（目前，現(xiàn)在），at last（后，終于），at times（有時(shí)），at the moment（現(xiàn)在）；表示地點(diǎn)的有：at home（在家），at school（在學(xué)校）；表示程度的有：at least（至少），at any rate（不管怎樣）；其它詞組有at heart（內(nèi)心里，實(shí)際上），at a loss（困惑不解，不知怎么辦）等。
At any rate, I’m determined to stay here at present.
At least, I’m not mad yet.
People have more money now, yet the temptationto to steal is greater than ever before. Why? I’m at a loss.
Though he tried to made conversation with the lady, he wasn’t interested in her at heart.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. This means it___a___ over the mountains.
a. would succeed in getting b. got c. was able to get d. had got
could與過去時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān),強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性
be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)成功地做
got用過去式表達(dá),表示在過去發(fā)生；had got過去完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去的過去
5 The plane was then able to rise. This means it ___d___.
a. could rise b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d.rose
could rise 有可能,不知道結(jié)果
might rise 可能
might succeed in rising 可能成功地做
rose 沒有情態(tài)單詞,表示已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)
6 Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole. It would be ___d___.
a. impossible b.necessary c. able d. possible
was/were able to 表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作在過去成功地做
will be able to =can 將來可能會(huì)成
【New words and expressions】（13）
pole n.（地球的）極
flight n. 飛行
explorer n. 探險(xiǎn)家
lie v. 處于
serious adj. 嚴(yán)重的
point n. 地點(diǎn)
seem v. 似乎
crash v. 墜毀
sack n. 袋子
clear v. 越過
aircraft n. 飛機(jī)
endless adj. 無盡的
plain n. 平原
★pole n.（地球的）極
the South Pole 南極；the North Pole 北極
Pole Star 北極星
★flight n. 飛行
fly v. 飛
★explorer [iks5plC:rE, eks-] n. 探險(xiǎn)家, 探測者, 探測器 [計(jì)]Windows資源管理器
explore [iks5plC:] v.探險(xiǎn), 探測, 探究
exploration [7eksplC:5reiFEn] n.(科研相關(guān))探險(xiǎn),探求,開發(fā)
adventure [Ed5ventFE(r)] n.冒險(xiǎn)(追求刺激)
venture [5ventFE(r)] n. 冒險(xiǎn)(為了財(cái)富,沒有生命保障)
★lie v. 處于
① vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 處于,位于(+地點(diǎn))
The mountains lie below us now.
The town lies to the east of London.
② vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 躺，（平）臥
lie 現(xiàn)在分詞--> lying
stay in bed = lie in bed 躺在床上
While I sat by the fire, my dog lay beside me.
③ vt.（lied，lied） 撒謊
tell a lie 撒謊
You lied. = You lied to me.你騙人! 你撒謊!
You,liar! 你, 騙子! (liar [5laiE] n.(慣于)說謊者)
④ n.謊言
lay （laid,laid）
① vt. 放,放置
lay sth.
② vt. 下蛋, 產(chǎn)卵
lay an egg 下一個(gè)蛋
hang（hung，hung） 掛,懸掛
hang（hanged，hanged） 絞刑
★point n. 地點(diǎn)
point 點(diǎn)，一般指從飛機(jī)上向下看的點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn) place，spot
sina.com中的 “.” 讀為dot（點(diǎn)）
@讀為at
★seem v. 似乎，看起來
seem + as if 看起來似乎……
He seems as if he had never lived in England before.
seem + adj.
He seems rich.
seem to be
He seems to be rich.
seem that… 看起來似乎……
It seems that he is rich.
★crash [klAF] v. 墜毀（從上向下掉）；n. 沖突, 撞擊聲, 抵觸
aircrash 空難 ， carcrash 車禍
strike v. 撞擊
collide [kE5laid] vi.碰撞, 抵觸(兩個(gè)都運(yùn)動(dòng)的東西相撞)
★clear v. 越過
clear v. (凌空、不接觸地)越過, 跳過，沒有接觸面的飛躍
clear the mountain 飛躍山峰
The horse cleared the fense. （fense n.籬笆,柵欄,墻 v.圍住,防護(hù)）
over adv. 越過(距離)
go over飛躍
★plain n. 平原
plain girl 平凡的女孩
I'm a plain girl.
mountains n. 高山
【Text】
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
參考譯文
美國探險(xiǎn)家 R.E. 伯德在飛越北極3年之后, 于1929年第飛越了南極. 雖然開始時(shí)伯德和他的助手們拍下了飛機(jī)下面連綿群山的大量照片, 但他們很快就陷入了困境. 在有個(gè)地方, 飛機(jī)似乎肯定要墜毀了. 只有在飛至10,000英尺的高度時(shí), 它才能飛過這些山頭. 伯德馬上命令他的助手們把兩個(gè)沉重的食物袋扔掉, 于是飛機(jī)可以上升了, 它在離山頭400英尺的高度飛越了過去. 伯德這時(shí)知道他能夠順利飛抵300英里以外的南極了, 因?yàn)榍懊嬖贈(zèng)]有山了. 飛機(jī)可以毫無困難地飛過這片茫茫無際的白色原野!
【課文講解】
1、In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
for the first time 第（time表示“次，回”，還可以說this time，last time，next time，another time，each time，for the last time等）
I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train.
Give him these photos next time you see him.
2、Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.
連詞though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其含義是“雖然……，盡管……”
Although/Though/Even though I felt sorry for him ,I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.
雖然我為他感到惋惜，但對他的困難我卻暗自高興。
take a photograph of… 拍……的照片
He took a photograph of his house before he left home.
run into trouble = get into trouble 遇到麻煩，陷入困境
Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.
3、At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
at one point 在某一地方，在某一時(shí)刻（point也指時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)）
At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.他曾一度下決心要當(dāng)個(gè)畫家。
it為先行主語，真正的主語為that引導(dǎo)的從句。it作先行主語時(shí)經(jīng)常與seem，appear，look等連用：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.
現(xiàn)在似乎可以肯定會(huì)議將被推遲。
4、It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.
rise to … 上升至……
5、The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
by表示“相差，以……之差”的意思
I missed the train by ten minutes. 我晚了10分鐘，沒趕上火車。
He is younger than me by two years. 他比我小兩歲。
【Key structures】
Can and Be able to
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞can/could用于表示請求別人允許或答復(fù)時(shí)的情況:
Can/Could I borrow you pen?
can有時(shí)可以表示可能性：
I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like.
在表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時(shí)，can/could可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)，can/could與be able to通?？梢曰Q，表示將來的“能力”時(shí)，則用will be able to：
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen.
I tried again and found I could/was able to swim.
Can Jane swim yet?
No, but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.
在談到說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事時(shí)，一般不用be able to：
Look! I can stand on my head.
在表示成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could，而用be able to；如果表示某一動(dòng)作沒有取得成功， 則可用couldn’t：
It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary.
Oh, didn’t you know? He was able to visit her after all.
He was able to leave Europe before the war began. 他在戰(zhàn)爭開始之前得以離開歐洲。
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.
在問及過去某一具體活動(dòng)時(shí)可用could，但回答是肯定的時(shí)候則不能：
Could he borrow a car?
Yes, he was able to borrow a car after all./No, he couldn’t.
【Special Difficulties】
含有介詞at的詞組
at與許多詞可以構(gòu)成固定詞組，其中表示時(shí)間的有：at first（開始時(shí)，初），at once（馬上，立刻），at present（目前，現(xiàn)在），at last（后，終于），at times（有時(shí)），at the moment（現(xiàn)在）；表示地點(diǎn)的有：at home（在家），at school（在學(xué)校）；表示程度的有：at least（至少），at any rate（不管怎樣）；其它詞組有at heart（內(nèi)心里，實(shí)際上），at a loss（困惑不解，不知怎么辦）等。
At any rate, I’m determined to stay here at present.
At least, I’m not mad yet.
People have more money now, yet the temptationto to steal is greater than ever before. Why? I’m at a loss.
Though he tried to made conversation with the lady, he wasn’t interested in her at heart.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. This means it___a___ over the mountains.
a. would succeed in getting b. got c. was able to get d. had got
could與過去時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān),強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性
be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)成功地做
got用過去式表達(dá),表示在過去發(fā)生；had got過去完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去的過去
5 The plane was then able to rise. This means it ___d___.
a. could rise b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d.rose
could rise 有可能,不知道結(jié)果
might rise 可能
might succeed in rising 可能成功地做
rose 沒有情態(tài)單詞,表示已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)
6 Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole. It would be ___d___.
a. impossible b.necessary c. able d. possible
was/were able to 表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作在過去成功地做
will be able to =can 將來可能會(huì)成