Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat?
【New words and expressions】（6）
rude adj. 無禮的
mirror n. 鏡子
hole n. 孔
remark v. 評說
remind v. 提醒
lighthouse n. 燈塔
★rude adj. 無禮的（強調(diào)故意的）
impolite adj. 不禮貌，表示沒有注意到禮節(jié)性的問題, 所以顯得有些不禮貌（polite的反義詞，以p開頭的形容詞的否定前綴為im）
cheeky adj. 無禮, 沒禮貌的（表示小孩對長輩）
Don’t be cheeky! 不得無禮!
naive [nB:5i:v] adj. 天真的
★mirror n. 鏡子
look at oneself in the mirror 照鏡子
look up sth. in the dictionary 查字典
mirrot of… ……的寫照，……的真實反映
His novel is a mirror of his time. 他的小說就是他那個時代的真實寫照
★hole n. 孔
hole in+地點 ……（地方）有個洞
★remark v. 評說
remark主要指說, 當say 來理解
★remind v. 提醒
① vt. 提醒
remind sb. of sth. / remind sb. to do sth. / remind sb. that… 提醒某人做某事
He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar.
② vt. 使……想起
The smell of cabbage reminds me of school. 卷心菜的氣味使我想起了學校。
She reminds me of her sister.
reminder n. 提醒物
【Text】
'Do you call that a hat?' I said to my wife.
'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.
'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'
'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.
Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!
參考譯文
“你把那個叫帽子嗎?” 我對妻子說.
“你說話沒必要這樣不客氣, “我的妻子邊回答邊照著鏡子.
我坐在一個新式的滿是網(wǎng)眼兒的椅子上, 等待著. 我們在這家帽店已經(jīng)呆了半個小時了, 而我的妻子仍在鏡子面前.
“我們不應(yīng)該買我們不需要的東西, “我突然發(fā)表意見說, 但馬上又后悔說了這話.
“你沒必要這么說, “我妻子回答說, “我也不必提醒你昨天買的那條糟糕透了的領(lǐng)帶. “
“我覺得它好看, “我說, “男人有多少領(lǐng)帶也不會嫌多. “
“女人有多少帽子也不嫌多. “她回答.
10分鐘以后, 我們一道走出了商店. 我妻子戴著一頂像燈塔一樣的帽子.
【課文講解】
1、Do you call that a hat?
“Do you call that +（冠詞）+名詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達一種輕蔑的含義：
Do you call that a house/a dog? 你把那個叫房子/狗嗎？
2、You needn't be so rude about it.
be rude about sth. 對事很粗魯
be rude to sb. 對人很粗魯
Don't be rude to me. 別對我這么粗魯
3、I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
on the chair 在椅子上
with holes in it 作定語
Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.
4、We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
名詞修飾名詞, 一般用單數(shù)：bookstore書店，drugstore藥店,
5、I regretted saying it almost at once.
regret doing sth./名詞/that從句 后悔已經(jīng)做了某事，表示對做過的事感到遺憾
Did he regret his mistake?
I now regret leaving my country/that I have left my country.
regret to do sth. 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖赂械綄Σ黄?、遺憾，比be sorry to do sth.要正式：
We regret to tell you that you are not welcome. 我很遺憾地告訴您，您不受歡迎。
6、'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
needn't have done 原本不必做, 但是做了, 強調(diào)過去的動作不必做
You needn't have bought it. 你原本不必買的
You needn’t have come. 你原本不必來的。
needn't do 現(xiàn)在的動作也不必做
You needn’t come. 你不必來。
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人想起某事
7、'I find it beautiful,' I said.
動詞find經(jīng)常用于“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”這種結(jié)構(gòu)：
You’ll find it difficult/easy to make conversation with her.
I find this book very interesting.
8、A man can never have too many ties.
can never…too…＝cannot…too… 無論……也不為過
A man can never have too many ties.
再多的領(lǐng)帶對一個男人來說也不為過（男人有多少領(lǐng)帶也不會嫌多）。
I can never thank you too much. 感激不盡。
Drinking water can never be too clean. 飲用水越干凈越好。
A wife can never complain too much. 妻子怎么羅嗦也不為過。
You can’t be too careful in doing your work. 你工作越小心越好。
【Key structures】
Must, Have (got) to and Need
情態(tài)動詞must（必須，不得不）的否定式 mustn't（不能、不準），must還可用于表示推測：
① 對現(xiàn)在和將來的推測：must +動詞用原形
② 對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測：must be doing
③ 對過去的推測：must have done
④ 對過去正在發(fā)生的事情的推測：must have been doing
用must的一般疑問句可以用must/have to或needn’t來回答，而不用mustn’t：
Must I set off now?
Yes, you must / have to.
No, you needn’t.
mustn’t表示絕對禁止，在說話人看來，根本沒選擇余地：
You mustn’t use that bicycle. It’s broken.
“不必要”可用needn’t，don’t have to來表示：
needn’t = don’t have to
needn’t have done = didn’t have to
You needn’t / don’t have to work such long hours.
英語中的need有兩種詞性，一個是普通動詞（需要），一種是情態(tài)動詞。need的否定形式對應(yīng)也有兩種： needn't 不必（情態(tài)動詞need的否定）； don't need 不需要（普通動詞need的否定）。
need I...?(情態(tài)) / do I need...? 實義動詞
在實義動詞后面再加一個實義動詞, 就在后面加to do
Need I go out? = Do I need to go out? 我需要出去嗎?
You needn’t have told me that. I know it is.
情態(tài)動詞后面不能直接用名詞做賓語，實義動詞后面可以直接加名詞, 故need 后面如是名詞, 則這個need 為實義動詞
例 : He__c__follow me .
a doesn’t need b needn’t to c didn’t need to d needs
情態(tài)動詞need后接動詞原形，但只用于否定和疑問句，肯定句用must，have to，ought to或should。
need用于疑問句時，問者往往希望得到否定的回答：
Need you leave so soon? 你有必要這么早就走嗎？
用need的一般疑問句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/had to，否定形式的回答可以用needn’t：
Need I type this letter again?
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Need you have told him about my plans?
Yes, I had to. / No, I needn’t have.
表示必要時，must的語氣比need要強：
I must go to the dentist this moring.
這種句型可用來表示說話人讓對方選擇或允許對方可以不做某事的主觀意圖。它的完成式和過去式分別為needn’t have，didn’t have to和didn’t need to：
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.
I didn’t have to / didn’t need to go to the office yesterday.
need doing sth. 需要被做（用主動表達被動含義）
① 這里need屬于實義動詞, 動詞ing相當于名詞來理解
② 有時態(tài)和人稱變化,否定式為: don’t need doing
③ need doing 表達被動含義, 如: Your shoes need washing. 你的鞋子需(被)洗了
另外want doing也是用主動表示被動含義，它們的主語一定是物, 不是人
Your hair needs cuting.
need to be done---主語是人,也可以是物
The child need to be …
對比 mustn't和 needn't：
You musn’t read it bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
（be bad for… 對……有害）
Smoking is bad for your health. 抽煙有害你的健康
You mustn't make a noise. The children are asleep. 你不應(yīng)吵鬧, 孩子們都睡了.
You needn't drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.
你不必開得那么快, 我們有足夠的時間.
=You don't have to(haven't got to) drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.
You mustn't smoke in a theatre. It is forbidden. 你不應(yīng)該在劇場里抽煙, 這是不允許的.
You needn't come with us if you don't want to. 如果你不想去, 你不必和我們一道去.
=You don't have to (haven't got to) come with us if you don't want to.
【Special Difficulties】
Remark, Observe and Notice
remark與observe都可以表示“說，評論說”，它們比say要正式：
‘You’re looking very well!’She remarked/observed.
notice和observe都可以表示“注意到，察覺到”，但有一定區(qū)別。notice指無意中“察覺到”；observe則可以指有意觀察、仔細地看，比notice更正式：
He observed me carefully. (He looked at me.) 他仔細地看著我.
Did you notice how she was dressed? 你注意到她的穿戴了嗎?
I’ve noticed/observed that he telephones her oftener than before.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)/注意到他現(xiàn)在給她打電話比以前次數(shù)多了。
I didn’t notice his leaving.
make rude remark / call one's name / say F words (F 指 fuck) 講粗話，罵人
He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing.
fail to do sth. 沒有能夠
not fail to 表示強烈地肯定
I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notict it.
我已經(jīng)把周圍的家具都換了。
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Do you have to buy this hat? No, I___c___. It isn't necessary.
a. mustn't b. won't c. needn't d. don't need
Do you have to...?
Yes, I do … / No, I don't … / No,I don't have to do sth.
mustn't不準
don't have to 不必 =needn’t
must＝have to必須
英文中要么助動詞之后所有的東西都省略, 要么省到不定式標志, “don’t need to” 也對
Would you like to do sth?
Yes, I'd like to. / No,I don't / No,I don't need to. (to 不能省略)
Do you want to go to school? Yes,I do. / Yes,I want to.
Would you like to see the menu? Yes, I'd like to. (后接動詞)
Would you like some bananas? Yes, I’d like. (后接名詞)
Do you need the hat?
No, I don’t need. （不能為“I needn’t”，情態(tài)動詞不能直接接名詞“hat”）
7 A man can never have too many ties. It's ___b___.
a. unable b. impossible c. improbable d. incapable
can never ＝can't 不可能
be able/unable to do sth. (unable [5Qn5eibl] adj.不能的, 不會的)
impossible 不可能
improbable 不太可能
probably 很有可能
incapable [in5keipEbl] adj.無能力的, 不能的
be capable of / be incapable of
8 She looked in the mirror and saw her ___a___.
a. reflection b. idol c. imagination d. picture
reflection [ri5flekFEn] n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映（reflect v. 發(fā)射）
idol [5aidl] n.偶像, 崇拜物, 幻象, [邏]謬論
imagination [i7mAdVi5neiFEn] n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 聽覺
picture n. 照片, 圖象
11 His wife was wearing a hat. She ___c___.
a. was dressing it b. was putting it on c. had it on d.was carrying it
wear/dress/put on/have on穿
wear 穿著（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）
dress sb. 給某人穿衣服（強調(diào)動作）
put on 穿上（強調(diào)動作）
have sth. on 穿著（強調(diào)狀態(tài)) (have……on 讓……東西在……上面 )
in a green coat
She is in a green coat.
be in+衣服(狀態(tài))
12 It looked like a lighthouse. It ___b___a lighthouse.
a. appeared similar b. resembled c. matched d.likened
match 與……相配
liken [5laikEn] vt.把……比作
compare/liken sth to another thing 把前者比作后者
We liken the hat to a lighthouse.
resemble [ri5zembl] vt. 象, 類似
a resemble b
appear 顯得
It appeared similar to a lighthouse.
similar 與……相似
be similar to (to 不能少)
【New words and expressions】（6）
rude adj. 無禮的
mirror n. 鏡子
hole n. 孔
remark v. 評說
remind v. 提醒
lighthouse n. 燈塔
★rude adj. 無禮的（強調(diào)故意的）
impolite adj. 不禮貌，表示沒有注意到禮節(jié)性的問題, 所以顯得有些不禮貌（polite的反義詞，以p開頭的形容詞的否定前綴為im）
cheeky adj. 無禮, 沒禮貌的（表示小孩對長輩）
Don’t be cheeky! 不得無禮!
naive [nB:5i:v] adj. 天真的
★mirror n. 鏡子
look at oneself in the mirror 照鏡子
look up sth. in the dictionary 查字典
mirrot of… ……的寫照，……的真實反映
His novel is a mirror of his time. 他的小說就是他那個時代的真實寫照
★hole n. 孔
hole in+地點 ……（地方）有個洞
★remark v. 評說
remark主要指說, 當say 來理解
★remind v. 提醒
① vt. 提醒
remind sb. of sth. / remind sb. to do sth. / remind sb. that… 提醒某人做某事
He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar.
② vt. 使……想起
The smell of cabbage reminds me of school. 卷心菜的氣味使我想起了學校。
She reminds me of her sister.
reminder n. 提醒物
【Text】
'Do you call that a hat?' I said to my wife.
'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.
'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'
'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.
Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!
參考譯文
“你把那個叫帽子嗎?” 我對妻子說.
“你說話沒必要這樣不客氣, “我的妻子邊回答邊照著鏡子.
我坐在一個新式的滿是網(wǎng)眼兒的椅子上, 等待著. 我們在這家帽店已經(jīng)呆了半個小時了, 而我的妻子仍在鏡子面前.
“我們不應(yīng)該買我們不需要的東西, “我突然發(fā)表意見說, 但馬上又后悔說了這話.
“你沒必要這么說, “我妻子回答說, “我也不必提醒你昨天買的那條糟糕透了的領(lǐng)帶. “
“我覺得它好看, “我說, “男人有多少領(lǐng)帶也不會嫌多. “
“女人有多少帽子也不嫌多. “她回答.
10分鐘以后, 我們一道走出了商店. 我妻子戴著一頂像燈塔一樣的帽子.
【課文講解】
1、Do you call that a hat?
“Do you call that +（冠詞）+名詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達一種輕蔑的含義：
Do you call that a house/a dog? 你把那個叫房子/狗嗎？
2、You needn't be so rude about it.
be rude about sth. 對事很粗魯
be rude to sb. 對人很粗魯
Don't be rude to me. 別對我這么粗魯
3、I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
on the chair 在椅子上
with holes in it 作定語
Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.
4、We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
名詞修飾名詞, 一般用單數(shù)：bookstore書店，drugstore藥店,
5、I regretted saying it almost at once.
regret doing sth./名詞/that從句 后悔已經(jīng)做了某事，表示對做過的事感到遺憾
Did he regret his mistake?
I now regret leaving my country/that I have left my country.
regret to do sth. 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖赂械綄Σ黄?、遺憾，比be sorry to do sth.要正式：
We regret to tell you that you are not welcome. 我很遺憾地告訴您，您不受歡迎。
6、'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
needn't have done 原本不必做, 但是做了, 強調(diào)過去的動作不必做
You needn't have bought it. 你原本不必買的
You needn’t have come. 你原本不必來的。
needn't do 現(xiàn)在的動作也不必做
You needn’t come. 你不必來。
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人想起某事
7、'I find it beautiful,' I said.
動詞find經(jīng)常用于“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”這種結(jié)構(gòu)：
You’ll find it difficult/easy to make conversation with her.
I find this book very interesting.
8、A man can never have too many ties.
can never…too…＝cannot…too… 無論……也不為過
A man can never have too many ties.
再多的領(lǐng)帶對一個男人來說也不為過（男人有多少領(lǐng)帶也不會嫌多）。
I can never thank you too much. 感激不盡。
Drinking water can never be too clean. 飲用水越干凈越好。
A wife can never complain too much. 妻子怎么羅嗦也不為過。
You can’t be too careful in doing your work. 你工作越小心越好。
【Key structures】
Must, Have (got) to and Need
情態(tài)動詞must（必須，不得不）的否定式 mustn't（不能、不準），must還可用于表示推測：
① 對現(xiàn)在和將來的推測：must +動詞用原形
② 對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測：must be doing
③ 對過去的推測：must have done
④ 對過去正在發(fā)生的事情的推測：must have been doing
用must的一般疑問句可以用must/have to或needn’t來回答，而不用mustn’t：
Must I set off now?
Yes, you must / have to.
No, you needn’t.
mustn’t表示絕對禁止，在說話人看來，根本沒選擇余地：
You mustn’t use that bicycle. It’s broken.
“不必要”可用needn’t，don’t have to來表示：
needn’t = don’t have to
needn’t have done = didn’t have to
You needn’t / don’t have to work such long hours.
英語中的need有兩種詞性，一個是普通動詞（需要），一種是情態(tài)動詞。need的否定形式對應(yīng)也有兩種： needn't 不必（情態(tài)動詞need的否定）； don't need 不需要（普通動詞need的否定）。
need I...?(情態(tài)) / do I need...? 實義動詞
在實義動詞后面再加一個實義動詞, 就在后面加to do
Need I go out? = Do I need to go out? 我需要出去嗎?
You needn’t have told me that. I know it is.
情態(tài)動詞后面不能直接用名詞做賓語，實義動詞后面可以直接加名詞, 故need 后面如是名詞, 則這個need 為實義動詞
例 : He__c__follow me .
a doesn’t need b needn’t to c didn’t need to d needs
情態(tài)動詞need后接動詞原形，但只用于否定和疑問句，肯定句用must，have to，ought to或should。
need用于疑問句時，問者往往希望得到否定的回答：
Need you leave so soon? 你有必要這么早就走嗎？
用need的一般疑問句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/had to，否定形式的回答可以用needn’t：
Need I type this letter again?
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Need you have told him about my plans?
Yes, I had to. / No, I needn’t have.
表示必要時，must的語氣比need要強：
I must go to the dentist this moring.
這種句型可用來表示說話人讓對方選擇或允許對方可以不做某事的主觀意圖。它的完成式和過去式分別為needn’t have，didn’t have to和didn’t need to：
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.
I didn’t have to / didn’t need to go to the office yesterday.
need doing sth. 需要被做（用主動表達被動含義）
① 這里need屬于實義動詞, 動詞ing相當于名詞來理解
② 有時態(tài)和人稱變化,否定式為: don’t need doing
③ need doing 表達被動含義, 如: Your shoes need washing. 你的鞋子需(被)洗了
另外want doing也是用主動表示被動含義，它們的主語一定是物, 不是人
Your hair needs cuting.
need to be done---主語是人,也可以是物
The child need to be …
對比 mustn't和 needn't：
You musn’t read it bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
（be bad for… 對……有害）
Smoking is bad for your health. 抽煙有害你的健康
You mustn't make a noise. The children are asleep. 你不應(yīng)吵鬧, 孩子們都睡了.
You needn't drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.
你不必開得那么快, 我們有足夠的時間.
=You don't have to(haven't got to) drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.
You mustn't smoke in a theatre. It is forbidden. 你不應(yīng)該在劇場里抽煙, 這是不允許的.
You needn't come with us if you don't want to. 如果你不想去, 你不必和我們一道去.
=You don't have to (haven't got to) come with us if you don't want to.
【Special Difficulties】
Remark, Observe and Notice
remark與observe都可以表示“說，評論說”，它們比say要正式：
‘You’re looking very well!’She remarked/observed.
notice和observe都可以表示“注意到，察覺到”，但有一定區(qū)別。notice指無意中“察覺到”；observe則可以指有意觀察、仔細地看，比notice更正式：
He observed me carefully. (He looked at me.) 他仔細地看著我.
Did you notice how she was dressed? 你注意到她的穿戴了嗎?
I’ve noticed/observed that he telephones her oftener than before.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)/注意到他現(xiàn)在給她打電話比以前次數(shù)多了。
I didn’t notice his leaving.
make rude remark / call one's name / say F words (F 指 fuck) 講粗話，罵人
He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing.
fail to do sth. 沒有能夠
not fail to 表示強烈地肯定
I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notict it.
我已經(jīng)把周圍的家具都換了。
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Do you have to buy this hat? No, I___c___. It isn't necessary.
a. mustn't b. won't c. needn't d. don't need
Do you have to...?
Yes, I do … / No, I don't … / No,I don't have to do sth.
mustn't不準
don't have to 不必 =needn’t
must＝have to必須
英文中要么助動詞之后所有的東西都省略, 要么省到不定式標志, “don’t need to” 也對
Would you like to do sth?
Yes, I'd like to. / No,I don't / No,I don't need to. (to 不能省略)
Do you want to go to school? Yes,I do. / Yes,I want to.
Would you like to see the menu? Yes, I'd like to. (后接動詞)
Would you like some bananas? Yes, I’d like. (后接名詞)
Do you need the hat?
No, I don’t need. （不能為“I needn’t”，情態(tài)動詞不能直接接名詞“hat”）
7 A man can never have too many ties. It's ___b___.
a. unable b. impossible c. improbable d. incapable
can never ＝can't 不可能
be able/unable to do sth. (unable [5Qn5eibl] adj.不能的, 不會的)
impossible 不可能
improbable 不太可能
probably 很有可能
incapable [in5keipEbl] adj.無能力的, 不能的
be capable of / be incapable of
8 She looked in the mirror and saw her ___a___.
a. reflection b. idol c. imagination d. picture
reflection [ri5flekFEn] n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映（reflect v. 發(fā)射）
idol [5aidl] n.偶像, 崇拜物, 幻象, [邏]謬論
imagination [i7mAdVi5neiFEn] n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 聽覺
picture n. 照片, 圖象
11 His wife was wearing a hat. She ___c___.
a. was dressing it b. was putting it on c. had it on d.was carrying it
wear/dress/put on/have on穿
wear 穿著（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）
dress sb. 給某人穿衣服（強調(diào)動作）
put on 穿上（強調(diào)動作）
have sth. on 穿著（強調(diào)狀態(tài)) (have……on 讓……東西在……上面 )
in a green coat
She is in a green coat.
be in+衣服(狀態(tài))
12 It looked like a lighthouse. It ___b___a lighthouse.
a. appeared similar b. resembled c. matched d.likened
match 與……相配
liken [5laikEn] vt.把……比作
compare/liken sth to another thing 把前者比作后者
We liken the hat to a lighthouse.
resemble [ri5zembl] vt. 象, 類似
a resemble b
appear 顯得
It appeared similar to a lighthouse.
similar 與……相似
be similar to (to 不能少)