Lesson 20 One man in a boat
【New words and expressions】（5）
catch v. 抓到
fisherman n. 釣魚人，漁民
boot n. 靴子
waste n. 浪費
realize v. 意識到
★catch v. 抓到
① vt. 捉住，逮住，捕獲
The police have caught the thief.
Have you caught any fish today?
② vt. 抓住，握住
Can you catch the ball?
③ vt. 及時趕到，趕上
catch a bus 趕車
I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.
④ catch的一些固定用法
catch a cold 染上感冒
catch one's breath 摒住呼吸
catch sight of = see 看見
catch fire 著火
catch one's eyes 吸引某人注意力
★boot n. 靴子
a pair of boots 一雙靴子
★waste n. 浪費
① n. 浪費
a waste of… 浪費……
It is a waste of time/money/food/water.
② vt. 浪費
You are wasting time.
★realize v. 意識到
① v. 認識，知道，明白，意識到
I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我無意中走錯了房間。
I realized that I was wrong.
② v. 實現(xiàn)（希望、目標、愿望等）
realize one's dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
③ 使變?yōu)槭聦?，使發(fā)生（常用于被動語態(tài)）
This plan can never be realized.
【Text】
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
參考譯文
釣魚是我特別喜愛的一項運動. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時卻一無所獲, 但我從不為此煩惱. 有些垂釣者就是不走運, 他們往往魚釣不到, 卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾. 我的運氣甚至還不及他們. 我什么東西也未釣到過 -- 就連舊靴子也沒有. 我總是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空著袋子回家. “你可別再釣魚了!” 我的朋友們說, “這是浪費時間. “然而他們沒有認識到重要的一點, 我并不是真的對釣魚有興趣, 我感興趣的只是獨坐孤舟, 無所事事!
【課文講解】
1、Fishing is my favourite sport.
fishing是一個動名詞，由動詞+ing組成，動名詞可以作主語或賓語，如eating，reading等等
★fish
① n. 魚（不可數(shù)名詞），魚的種類（可數(shù)）
There are a lot of fishes(表示種類)in the sea.
② v. 釣魚, 捕魚
2、I often fish for hours without catching anything.
for+時間 表示一段時間
for hours=for some hours 數(shù)小時
without catching anything作為狀語而出現(xiàn), 表示結(jié)果狀語。without是介詞，后面一定要加賓語, 動名詞catching作without的賓語，without 后面的動作是主語來做的。動名詞也有動詞的特性，可以有自己的賓語。
without通常表示“缺乏、沒有”；當它位于動名詞前時，表示“不曾、不”
I can’t repair the car without your help.
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
He went out without saying any words.
3、But this does not worry me.
★worry
① v. 煩惱，擔擾
worry sb. 某人為……煩惱，擔擾（作動詞一定要加人作賓語, 翻譯時從后往前翻，賓語擔心）
The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.
① adj. 擔心
be worried about ……為……擔心
I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.
4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.
instead of… 我原準備做……但是后來做了……（instead of 后面的詞一定是沒有做的, 可以放在主句后面）
I went to school instead of staying at home. 我沒呆在家里而是去上學了
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
without強調(diào)沒有做某件事, instead of強調(diào)這件事沒做成而做成了另外一件事
副詞instead“作為替代，反而”，單獨使用時一般出現(xiàn)在句尾
If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead?
5、I am even less lucky.
less是little的比較級，意為“不及，不如，更少”
I spend less time on English than on French.
less+原形
A is less…than B A不如B
6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
spend+時間+在某地 在某地度過……時間
after+從句 在……之后
after+名詞/動詞的ing形式 ……之后（從句主語必須是主句的主語時兩種形式可互換）
After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一個事實, 不用 “went to” )
After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.
介詞after的賓語的動名詞having spent所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞go之前，所以動名詞用完成形式。
with an empty bag [wiTAn5emptIbA^] 注意連讀
with sth. 有……的，持有……的，隨身帶著……(狀語)
Who’s the man with the beard?
without sth. 沒帶……
I always go home without angthing. 什么都沒帶回家
7、'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.
give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放棄做某事
Give up smoking.
8、I'm not really interested in fishing.
be intersted in sth. / doing sth. 對……感興趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps.
【Key structures】
動名詞
動詞+ing作名詞時稱為動名詞，它仍有動詞的屬性，可以接賓語，動名詞可以代替名詞做主語和賓語或介詞賓語。
1、動名詞作主語
Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看電視是我喜愛的業(yè)余愛好.
2、動名詞作賓語
I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜歡騎自行車.
He is capable of doing anything. 他能勝任任何事情.
3、利用介詞/副詞+動名詞可以把兩個句子連成一個句子
apologize for (not) doing sth. 為什么事情而道歉
I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打斷了你的說話(工作).
I must apologize for interrupting you.
由于打斷了你的說話(工作), 我得表示道歉. （for interrupting強調(diào)interrupt這個動詞）
I must apologize for having interrupted you.（for having interrupted強調(diào)interrupt這個動詞先發(fā)生，強調(diào)時間 (having done)）
以上兩者為時間概念不同，意思相同
congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因……祝賀（某人）
He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道賀. 我贏得了這次比賽.
He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我贏得這次比賽之際, 他向我祝賀.
He congratulated me on having won the competition.
thank you for listening/attending
動名詞用表示完成時的having+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)往往強調(diào)動名詞的動詞發(fā)生在前面。
4、跟動名詞的短語
be keen on doing sth.（熱忠于……）,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.（喜歡做某事），congratulations on doing sth. （祝賀……）
be afraid of
be up to=be capable of (capable [5keipEbl] adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)
可以帶動名詞的介詞有：before，after，without，instead of等
I can’t watch TV without falling asleep. 我看電視時必定會睡著。
5、動名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not。
Exercises C(用括號中的詞來連接下列句子, 如需要可對原句進行必要的改動)
2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.
4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.
after+從句； after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted. （faint [feint] vi.昏暈, 昏倒）
6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover
on (prep.)+doing 一……就……（兩個動作必須是同一個人）
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover. 沖進掩護體
as soon as 一……就……
the moment +從句 一……就……
以上兩個主語不一定是同一個人
【Special Difficulties】
Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.
大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過去分詞都可以作形容詞用。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱主語連用，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱主語連用，表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等。
Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.
釣魚沒意思. 我對釣魚并不真正感興趣.
The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited.
比賽非常激動人心. 觀眾非常激動.
be interested in sth./doing sth. 對……感興趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps.
It's and Its
it’s = it is
It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天氣冷. 而且正在下雨.
its 它的
This engine has lost its power. 這臺發(fā)動機已失去了動力.
Realize and Understand
realize vt. 意識到……
He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他沒有意識到他犯了一個錯誤.
understand vt. 明白……
I don't understand English. 我不懂英語.
Exercises(選擇正確的詞填空)
3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio.
exciting news
excited adj. 感動的 ；exciting adj. 令人激動的
如果–ed,-ing 做形容詞即作定語時，和被修飾詞有關(guān)
on the radio 在廣播上
I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在線，在電話里).
4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person.
an interesting person
interested adj. 感興趣的 ；interesting adj. 有趣的
5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.
an exciting life
explorer [iks5plC:rE, eks-] n.探險家, 探測者, 探測器
lead a life 過著……日子
lead a happy life
He leads a poor life.
【Multiple choice questions】
2 The writer enjoys ___c___ .
a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river
enjoying doing sth
I enjoy reading books.
enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
6 His bag is empty. He has ___b___ .
a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag
an 指一個, 強調(diào)名詞；one 一個, 強調(diào) one,強調(diào)數(shù)量
I sent a letter. （強調(diào)信）
I wrote one word. （強調(diào)一個字）
His bag is empty. 強調(diào)包是空的，而不是強調(diào)一個空包。
7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ___c___ I'm interested in.
a.only b.the one c.all d.the only
(that's/the) only 一般加名詞
that+從句, 從句往往以特殊疑問詞引導
that's why…；that's when…
that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.)
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指東西, 不指事情
11 He always goes ___d___ with an empty bag.
a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home
go home 習慣用法, 佳答案
go to the house 語法正確
沒有規(guī)則與語法相提并論時，語法為大；語法與習慣用法相提并論時，習慣用法為大。
Where are you going? (更習慣這么說)
Where are you going to?
【New words and expressions】（5）
catch v. 抓到
fisherman n. 釣魚人，漁民
boot n. 靴子
waste n. 浪費
realize v. 意識到
★catch v. 抓到
① vt. 捉住，逮住，捕獲
The police have caught the thief.
Have you caught any fish today?
② vt. 抓住，握住
Can you catch the ball?
③ vt. 及時趕到，趕上
catch a bus 趕車
I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.
④ catch的一些固定用法
catch a cold 染上感冒
catch one's breath 摒住呼吸
catch sight of = see 看見
catch fire 著火
catch one's eyes 吸引某人注意力
★boot n. 靴子
a pair of boots 一雙靴子
★waste n. 浪費
① n. 浪費
a waste of… 浪費……
It is a waste of time/money/food/water.
② vt. 浪費
You are wasting time.
★realize v. 意識到
① v. 認識，知道，明白，意識到
I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我無意中走錯了房間。
I realized that I was wrong.
② v. 實現(xiàn)（希望、目標、愿望等）
realize one's dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
③ 使變?yōu)槭聦?，使發(fā)生（常用于被動語態(tài)）
This plan can never be realized.
【Text】
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
參考譯文
釣魚是我特別喜愛的一項運動. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時卻一無所獲, 但我從不為此煩惱. 有些垂釣者就是不走運, 他們往往魚釣不到, 卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾. 我的運氣甚至還不及他們. 我什么東西也未釣到過 -- 就連舊靴子也沒有. 我總是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空著袋子回家. “你可別再釣魚了!” 我的朋友們說, “這是浪費時間. “然而他們沒有認識到重要的一點, 我并不是真的對釣魚有興趣, 我感興趣的只是獨坐孤舟, 無所事事!
【課文講解】
1、Fishing is my favourite sport.
fishing是一個動名詞，由動詞+ing組成，動名詞可以作主語或賓語，如eating，reading等等
★fish
① n. 魚（不可數(shù)名詞），魚的種類（可數(shù)）
There are a lot of fishes(表示種類)in the sea.
② v. 釣魚, 捕魚
2、I often fish for hours without catching anything.
for+時間 表示一段時間
for hours=for some hours 數(shù)小時
without catching anything作為狀語而出現(xiàn), 表示結(jié)果狀語。without是介詞，后面一定要加賓語, 動名詞catching作without的賓語，without 后面的動作是主語來做的。動名詞也有動詞的特性，可以有自己的賓語。
without通常表示“缺乏、沒有”；當它位于動名詞前時，表示“不曾、不”
I can’t repair the car without your help.
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
He went out without saying any words.
3、But this does not worry me.
★worry
① v. 煩惱，擔擾
worry sb. 某人為……煩惱，擔擾（作動詞一定要加人作賓語, 翻譯時從后往前翻，賓語擔心）
The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.
① adj. 擔心
be worried about ……為……擔心
I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.
4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.
instead of… 我原準備做……但是后來做了……（instead of 后面的詞一定是沒有做的, 可以放在主句后面）
I went to school instead of staying at home. 我沒呆在家里而是去上學了
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
without強調(diào)沒有做某件事, instead of強調(diào)這件事沒做成而做成了另外一件事
副詞instead“作為替代，反而”，單獨使用時一般出現(xiàn)在句尾
If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead?
5、I am even less lucky.
less是little的比較級，意為“不及，不如，更少”
I spend less time on English than on French.
less+原形
A is less…than B A不如B
6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
spend+時間+在某地 在某地度過……時間
after
after
After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一個事實, 不用 “went to” )
After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.
介詞after的賓語的動名詞having spent所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞go之前，所以動名詞用完成形式。
with an empty bag [wiTAn5emptIbA^] 注意連讀
with sth. 有……的，持有……的，隨身帶著……(狀語)
Who’s the man with the beard?
without sth. 沒帶……
I always go home without angthing. 什么都沒帶回家
7、'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.
give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放棄做某事
Give up smoking.
8、I'm not really interested in fishing.
be intersted in sth. / doing sth. 對……感興趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps.
【Key structures】
動名詞
動詞+ing作名詞時稱為動名詞，它仍有動詞的屬性，可以接賓語，動名詞可以代替名詞做主語和賓語或介詞賓語。
1、動名詞作主語
Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看電視是我喜愛的業(yè)余愛好.
2、動名詞作賓語
I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜歡騎自行車.
He is capable of doing anything. 他能勝任任何事情.
3、利用介詞/副詞+動名詞可以把兩個句子連成一個句子
apologize for (not) doing sth. 為什么事情而道歉
I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打斷了你的說話(工作).
I must apologize for interrupting you.
由于打斷了你的說話(工作), 我得表示道歉. （for interrupting強調(diào)interrupt這個動詞）
I must apologize for having interrupted you.（for having interrupted強調(diào)interrupt這個動詞先發(fā)生，強調(diào)時間 (having done)）
以上兩者為時間概念不同，意思相同
congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因……祝賀（某人）
He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道賀. 我贏得了這次比賽.
He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我贏得這次比賽之際, 他向我祝賀.
He congratulated me on having won the competition.
thank you for listening/attending
動名詞用表示完成時的having+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)往往強調(diào)動名詞的動詞發(fā)生在前面。
4、跟動名詞的短語
be keen on doing sth.（熱忠于……）,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.（喜歡做某事），congratulations on doing sth. （祝賀……）
be afraid of
be up to=be capable of (capable [5keipEbl] adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)
可以帶動名詞的介詞有：before，after，without，instead of等
I can’t watch TV without falling asleep. 我看電視時必定會睡著。
5、動名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not。
Exercises C(用括號中的詞來連接下列句子, 如需要可對原句進行必要的改動)
2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.
4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.
after+從句； after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted. （faint [feint] vi.昏暈, 昏倒）
6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover
on (prep.)+doing 一……就……（兩個動作必須是同一個人）
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover. 沖進掩護體
as soon as 一……就……
the moment +從句 一……就……
以上兩個主語不一定是同一個人
【Special Difficulties】
Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.
大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過去分詞都可以作形容詞用。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱主語連用，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱主語連用，表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等。
Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.
釣魚沒意思. 我對釣魚并不真正感興趣.
The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited.
比賽非常激動人心. 觀眾非常激動.
be interested in sth./doing sth. 對……感興趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps.
It's and Its
it’s = it is
It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天氣冷. 而且正在下雨.
its 它的
This engine has lost its power. 這臺發(fā)動機已失去了動力.
Realize and Understand
realize vt. 意識到……
He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他沒有意識到他犯了一個錯誤.
understand vt. 明白……
I don't understand English. 我不懂英語.
Exercises(選擇正確的詞填空)
3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio.
exciting news
excited adj. 感動的 ；exciting adj. 令人激動的
如果–ed,-ing 做形容詞即作定語時，和被修飾詞有關(guān)
on the radio 在廣播上
I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在線，在電話里).
4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person.
an interesting person
interested adj. 感興趣的 ；interesting adj. 有趣的
5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.
an exciting life
explorer [iks5plC:rE, eks-] n.探險家, 探測者, 探測器
lead a life 過著……日子
lead a happy life
He leads a poor life.
【Multiple choice questions】
2 The writer enjoys ___c___ .
a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river
enjoying doing sth
I enjoy reading books.
enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
6 His bag is empty. He has ___b___ .
a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag
an 指一個, 強調(diào)名詞；one 一個, 強調(diào) one,強調(diào)數(shù)量
I sent a letter. （強調(diào)信）
I wrote one word. （強調(diào)一個字）
His bag is empty. 強調(diào)包是空的，而不是強調(diào)一個空包。
7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ___c___ I'm interested in.
a.only b.the one c.all d.the only
(that's/the) only 一般加名詞
that+從句, 從句往往以特殊疑問詞引導
that's why…；that's when…
that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.)
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指東西, 不指事情
11 He always goes ___d___ with an empty bag.
a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home
go home 習慣用法, 佳答案
go to the house 語法正確
沒有規(guī)則與語法相提并論時，語法為大；語法與習慣用法相提并論時，習慣用法為大。
Where are you going? (更習慣這么說)
Where are you going to?