英譯：For a long time, the United States only to the film as a means of entertainment to Hollywood as a story and fantasy production factories, so first of all note that the movie business value. However, after 70 years, the American film has been great development in academic research. In 1967, both in Washington and Los Angeles have established the American Film Institute (AFI). Film Archive, throughout the United States, including important ones are the New York Museum of Modern Art, Rochester's Eastman Film Archive, the Library of Congress, Washington, Berkeley Pacific Film Archive. 8 large film company has disintegrated or converting 60 years after the
A large number of film and archives donated to the museum and the University Film Studies Center, the study of national film traditions, protect their heritage plays a significant role in the film.
By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets, its residents number 500. 100,000 population in Los Angeles in the city, 11 kilometers east. In Hollywood and Los Angeles have only a single-track tram. 1902 Hollywood hotel, now known as the first part of the opening. In 1903, here upgraded to the city's 177 voting residents of the right to vote unanimously endorsed by the "Hollywood," named after whom. That year under the two commands are: In addition to pharmacies in other stores outside the prohibition, and no amount of driving in the streets more than 200 cattle. 1904
A new so-called Hollywood Avenue streetcar opened, so that between the Hollywood and Los Angeles round-trip time significantly shortened. In 1910, Hollywood residents voted to join the Los Angeles. The reason is so that they can be in Los Angeles drinking water and access to adequate drainage facilities.
In 1907, director Francis Burgess led his crew arrived in Los Angeles, filming "Count of Monte Cristo." They found that, where beautiful natural scenery, plenty of light and suitable climate is the natural place for filming. The early 1910s, director David Griffith Biograph company was sent to the West Coast to make a film, he took Lillian Gish, Mary-bi g-fu and other actors came to Los Angeles. They were then looking for a new site, so proceed north, came a warm small town, and that is Hollywood. Biograph company found here in good condition
So back to New York before they filmed several movies. Gradually many people in the industry know that invaluable piece of land, to the increasing number of Hollywood movie crew, the U.S. film industry moved to Hollywood's big movement started, Hollywood movies have to be forward.
October 1911, a group from New Jersey to film-makers on the ground that under the leadership of the photographer came to a small Inn called Bu Langdu, they will rent the inn converted into a studio look. In this way, they created Hollywood's first film studio - Ernest Pictures.
Since then, many film companies settled in Hollywood, the famous film companies: MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer, called MGM), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Pictures, Inc.), Twentieth Century Fox (20th Century Fox), Warner Bros. (Warner Brothers), RKO (Radio Keith Orpheum, referred to as RKO), Universal (Universal), United Artists Corporation (United Artists), Columbia Pictures (Columbia Pictures).
【中文】
關(guān)于美國電影
長期以來,美國只把電影看作是娛樂手段,把好萊塢當(dāng)成生產(chǎn)故事和幻想的工廠,因此首先注意影片的商業(yè)價(jià)值.但是,70年代前后,美國電影學(xué)術(shù)研究有了很大的發(fā)展.1967年,在華盛頓和洛杉磯兩地成立了美國電影研究院（AFI）.電影資料館遍布全美,其中重要的有紐約現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館、羅切斯特的伊斯曼電影數(shù)據(jù)館、華盛頓國會圖書館、伯克利太平洋電影資料館等.8大影片公司于60年代先后解體或轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)之后,影片和檔案大量捐贈給上述資料館和各大學(xué)的電影研究中心,對研究本國電影傳統(tǒng)、保護(hù)本國電影文物起著很大作用.
二十世紀(jì)的好萊塢：到1900年,好萊塢已經(jīng)有一間郵局、一張報(bào)紙、一座旅館和兩個(gè)市場,其居民數(shù)為500人.10萬人口的洛杉磯位于市東11公里處.在好萊塢和洛杉磯間只有一條單軌的有軌電車.1902年,今天的好萊塢酒店的第一部分開業(yè).1903年,此地升格為市,參加投票的177位有選舉權(quán)的居民一致贊同以“好萊塢”為之命名.當(dāng)年下的兩條命令是：除藥店外其他商店禁酒,及不準(zhǔn)在街上驅(qū)趕數(shù)量多于200的牛群.1904年,一條新的被稱為好萊塢大街的有軌電車開業(yè),使好萊塢與洛杉磯間的往返時(shí)間大大縮短.1910年,好萊塢的居民投票決定加入洛杉磯.原因是這樣他們可以通過洛杉磯取得足夠的飲水和獲得排水設(shè)施.
1907年,導(dǎo)演弗朗西斯·伯格斯帶領(lǐng)他的攝制組來到洛杉磯,拍攝《基督山伯爵》.他們發(fā)現(xiàn),這里明媚的自然風(fēng)光、充足的光線和適宜的氣候是拍攝電影的天然場所.1910年代初,導(dǎo)演大衛(wèi)·格里菲斯被Biograph公司派到西海岸來拍電影,他帶著麗蓮·吉許、瑪麗·璧克馥等演員來到了洛杉磯.他們后來想尋找一塊新的地盤,于是向北出發(fā),來到了一個(gè)熱情的小鎮(zhèn),那就是好萊塢.Biograph公司發(fā)現(xiàn)此地條件不錯(cuò),于是在回紐約前又陸續(xù)拍了好幾部電影.漸漸許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士都知道了這塊寶地,到好萊塢的電影劇組越來越多,美國電影業(yè)移師好萊塢的大轉(zhuǎn)移開始,好萊塢向成為電影之都邁進(jìn).
1911年10月,一批從新澤西來的電影工作者在當(dāng)?shù)匾詾閿z影師的帶領(lǐng)下,來到一家叫布朗杜的小客棧,他們將租到的客棧改裝成一家電影公司的樣子.這樣,他們創(chuàng)建了好萊塢的第一家電影制片廠——內(nèi)斯特影片公司.
從那以后,許多電影公司在好萊塢落戶,的電影公司有：米高梅電影公司（Metro Goldwyn Mayer,簡稱MGM）、派拉蒙影業(yè)公司（Paramount Pictures, Inc.）、二十世紀(jì)福克斯公司（20th Century Fox）、華納兄弟公司（Warner Brothers）、雷電華公司（Radio Keith Orpheum,簡稱RKO）、環(huán)球公司（Universal）、聯(lián)美公司（United Artists）、哥倫比亞影業(yè)公司（Columbia Pictures）.