句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯誤 在英語中按句型來說可以分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四種，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說又可以分為簡單句、并列句和復合句三種。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤是構(gòu)成句子完整結(jié)構(gòu)的某一成分用錯或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的錯誤類型。由于英語語法和漢語語法特點在結(jié)構(gòu)上表現(xiàn)得十分明顯，主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)在數(shù)、格、人稱上的一致、連接手段的正確使用以及詞序安排等，都與漢語有著相當大的差異，因此在改錯中也是一大難點。句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤類型包括：句子類型使用錯誤、句子成分短缺、平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤以及詞組搭配使用錯誤。 例 1 Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ 本句中三個平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動語態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop . 例 2 When we consider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the workingman in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been ever hard. 1.__________ 根據(jù)上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句顯然是將 1882 年以前的生活與 1882 年時的生活作比較，所以此處 hard 應(yīng)該改為 harder . 例 3 At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ 在該句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三個小分句為并列結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，因此必須保持成分和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致性，故應(yīng)該將 being 改為 were . 例 4 However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ manners. “ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“與其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思;沒有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故應(yīng)該將 as 改為 than . 練習題 1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ 2 In making his choice among educational institutions the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. Going to school is part of the socialization process, and so going to the movies. 2.__________ 3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ apparent. 4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________ suddenly began to rain. 5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ among the 40 people there are only two women. 6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ again think of the outdated prejudice that women are inferior in intelligence. 7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________ words as you can. 8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ on my way to work. 9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ wallet which contained $ 1,000 in it. 10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ 答案解析：preparing→prepare.屬于平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞錯誤。在并列連詞and前后顯然要有形式一致的動詞，但前面沒有與preparing呼應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在分詞(注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行詞，故一定是名詞，而不是現(xiàn)在分詞——這是詞形表面上的干擾)，故只能改動preparing使之與前面的動詞不定式expect一致，這里也有考生將preparing改為prepares，用意是與句中謂語動詞allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物動詞，它的賓語是“the real world”，必須與prepare for共享。