時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的使用錯(cuò)誤
1. 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 主要是指在一個(gè)句子中，出現(xiàn)不同的時(shí)態(tài)，從而造成時(shí)態(tài)不一致，如： He can't remember what he once knows.
2. 語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 在 cet6 綜合改錯(cuò)題中最常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被誤用為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞不能帶賓語(yǔ)，因而也就沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.
3. 虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 此類使用錯(cuò)誤在綜合改錯(cuò)題中主要表現(xiàn)為主語(yǔ)和從句的語(yǔ)氣不協(xié)調(diào)，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中動(dòng)詞 suggest 之后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故“ is ”應(yīng)該 “ be ”或“ should be ”。類似的動(dòng)詞還有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。
例 1 These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________
together to hold parties.
由于前面的時(shí)態(tài)已經(jīng)限制為過(guò)去時(shí)，而且 came 和 meet 是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，因此應(yīng)該將 meet 改為 met ，或者將 came 改為 come ，具體情況依據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境時(shí)態(tài)而定。
例 2 Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding
which products to emphasize now, which to develop
for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
本句中三個(gè)平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop .
例 3 In the first place, the scientist at once put some
kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________
securely obtained.
根據(jù)句子意思可知，此處的 liquid 不可能為動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者，顯然此處應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故應(yīng)該將 has 改為 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已經(jīng)安全獲得的液體”。
例 4 Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________
the truth.
根據(jù)句子意思可知，這句話是說(shuō)如果他們昨天去了就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)真相，然而他們并未去，此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的格式，將 Did 改為 Had .
練習(xí)題
1 These small households were portraits of
independence: the entire family, mother, father,
children, even grandparents live in a small house
and working together to support each other. 1.__________
2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke
to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________
discovery.
3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage,
Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________
named after him—— he forerunners of modern
X-rays.
4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University
of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she
demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________
secretary said that science was not a thing in which
women can meddle.
5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________
jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.
6 Many people who live in London think that life in
a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________
7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________
the last sixty years would have seemed impossible
to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of
the 19th century.
8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should
have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________
9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________
in full at one time.
10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________
over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region
of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians.
答案解析：working→work.此句總體上講述的是這些小家庭獨(dú)立的掠影，而后半句解釋到這些小家庭的成員生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，和live保持一致。 are→were. are→were. allow前加be.“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允許作……”的意思。 offered前加be.“offer”是及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該接雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，即“offer sb. sth.”而在該句中缺少成分而只有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該將其改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即“be offered sth.”
6. offered→offers.
7. taken前加have.
8. plan→planned.
9. kept→keep.
10. carry→carrying.