代詞
中考考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)解析
1.人稱代詞主賓格的使用。
2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
3. it、one、that、ones、those 做替代詞的用法。
4. it表時(shí)間，天氣，距離等句型及it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。
5.不定代詞each、every、any等的用法。
考點(diǎn)：人稱代詞主賓格的使用
人稱代詞起代表人和事物的作用， 它有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)和主賓格的變化。
人稱 |
單數(shù) |
復(fù)數(shù) | ||
主格 |
賓格 |
主格 |
賓格 | |
第一人稱 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人稱 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人稱 |
he |
him |
they |
them |
she |
her | |||
it |
it | |||
人稱代詞：主格做主語(yǔ);
賓格做動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
I came into trouble last year, but nobody helped me.
拓展：it的一些特殊用法
1. 指天氣 It was raining yesterday morning.
2. 指氣侯 It’s cold in this room.
3. 指時(shí)間 What time is it? It’s six thirty.
4. 指距離 —How far is it from here to the park.
— It’s about two miles.
5. 在不明對(duì)方身份的情況下指代人，或者是嬰兒。
—Who knocked the door just now? — I was taking a shower that moment, so I don’t know who it was.
6. 充當(dāng)句子的形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)。
It is easy for me to learn English well. (形式主語(yǔ))
: I found it easy for me to learn English well.(形式賓語(yǔ))
考點(diǎn)：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
單數(shù) |
復(fù)數(shù) | |||||||
形容詞性 物主代詞 |
my |
your |
his |
her |
its |
our |
your |
their |
名詞性 物主代詞 |
mine |
yours |
his |
hers |
its |
ours |
yours |
theirs |
形容詞物主代詞起形容詞作用，后接名詞。
名詞性物主代詞像名詞一樣用后不再接名詞。
This is my book.=This book is mine.
考點(diǎn)：反身代詞
第一人稱 |
第二人稱 |
第三人稱 | |
單數(shù) |
myself |
yourself |
himself herself itself |
復(fù)數(shù) |
ourselves |
yourselves |
themselves |
反身代詞的常考詞組：
Teach oneself=learn by oneself自學(xué) Enjoy oneself 玩得高興
Help oneself to 隨便吃、用 By oneself 親自
題一：1. I hope you can enjoy _________ at the party.我希望你在聚會(huì)上玩的開(kāi)心。
2. The children made model planes _______. 孩子們自己做了一些飛機(jī)模型。
3. That poor boy was __________.那個(gè)貧窮的孩子就是我自己。
4. Please help _________ to some fish.別客氣，吃些魚吧。
考點(diǎn)：疑問(wèn)代詞
1. 表示疑問(wèn)， 一般放在句首， 構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。
2. 疑問(wèn)詞：who、whom、whose、what、which.
3. 解題秘笈：注意看答語(yǔ)。
Who cleaned the room yesterday? —Lucy did.
To whom are you talking?(做賓語(yǔ))
Whose book is this?(who的所有格形式，做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))
What would you like?
Which one do you like best?
考點(diǎn)：不定代詞
定義：用來(lái)不指明任何特定的人和物的代詞。
復(fù)合不定代詞：something, anything, nothing, everything等。
?？键c(diǎn)：1. 形容詞后置。 something important
2. 作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)單數(shù)。 Something is wrong with my bike.
其他不定代詞：
some 肯定句、以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。
Could you please tell me something interesting about your childhood?
any 否定句、其他疑問(wèn)句。 (當(dāng)任何一個(gè)講可以放在肯定句中)
I don’t have any money with me today.
Any student can take part in the competition.
both either neither (兩者之間)
復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)
all each/any none(三者或以上)
解題秘笈：一看幾者， 二看單復(fù)數(shù)。
1. The old man has two sons and both of them are doctors.
2. None of the boys knows the right answer.
one… the other 兩者之間的一者，另一者
another 三者或以上中的另外一者，再，又
1. He has a pen in one hand, and a ruler in the other.
2. Please give me another cup of tea.
some… others 一些，另一些(但并非另外全部)(游戲問(wèn)題)
some… the others 一些，另一些 另外全部)(性別問(wèn)題)
1. The students are playing in the playground. Some are playing football, others are playing table-tennis.
2. There are thirty-six students in my class. Eighteen are boys, the others are girls.
注意：others 和the others后不能接名詞，而other后要接名詞。
little, a little, few, a few
代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞 |
代替不可數(shù)名詞 | |
肯定 |
a few（有一些） |
a little（有一點(diǎn)兒） |
否定 |
few（幾乎沒(méi)有） |
little（幾乎沒(méi)有） |
題二：1. —Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony?
—There’s ________ left.
2. I only know ______ people here.
考點(diǎn)：it, one 及that 的區(qū)別
1. one (ones) 代同一類，不是同一個(gè)。 Your pen is pretty, and I’d like to buy one too.
2. it (they/them) 代同一個(gè)。 Your pen is pretty, and I’d like to use it.
3. that (those) 一般用于比較句中代替前文提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that (代weather) in Nanjing.
考點(diǎn)：none, nothing, nobody的區(qū)別
1. none可指人，可指物，表特指概念，常用來(lái)回答how many和how much。
2. nobody只能指人，表泛指概念，?；卮饂ho的疑問(wèn)句。
3. nothing只能表物，表泛指，常用來(lái)回答what的疑問(wèn)句。
4. none后可以跟of短語(yǔ)，其他不行。
中考代詞突破方法：1. 代詞指代人還是物。2. 代詞指代可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。
3. 代詞指代特指還是泛指。4. 兩者之間還是三者或是三者以上。
5. 代詞所表示的是肯定的還是否定的概念。
題三：—I need something for cutting the paper.
—Oh, you want a knife? Ok, I’ll get ____ for you.
A. it B. that C. this D. one
題四：— Look! Do you know _____ man under the tree?
— Sorry. It’s too far to see _____ clearly.
A. this, him B. that, his C. this, her D. that, him
題五：May I have a talk with you, sir? I’ve got ______ important to tell you.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
題六：— Whose pen is this?
— Oh, it’s ______. I was looking for it everywhere.
A. hers B. yours C. his D. mine
題七：— Are you _______from the US? — No, none of us.
A. both B. all C. any D. either
題八：_____ you _____ your brother can join us. We want one of you.
A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also
代詞： 講義參考答案
考點(diǎn)解析：
題一：1. yourself 2. themselves/by themselves 3. myself 4. yourself
題二：1. little 2. a few 題三：D 題四：D 題五：C 題六：D 題七：B 題八：C