第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文．每篇短文后有5道題，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個選項。
第一篇Light Night．Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky On a
clear night．with no clouds，moonlight，or artificial lights to block the view，people can see
more than 14，000 stars in the sky，says Dennis Ward．a(chǎn)n astronomer(天文學(xué)家)with the
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research(UCAR)in Boulder．Cole But when
people are surrounded by city lights，he says，they’re lucky to see 150 stars.
If you’ve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great
distance，you’ve witnessed light pollution It occurs when light from streetlights．office
buildings，signs，and other sources streams into space and illuminates(照亮)the night
sky This haze(朦朧)of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth Even at
night．big cities like New York glow from light pollution，making stargazing difficult
Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of
light pollution“If ore city has a lot more light pollution than another．”Ward says，"that city
will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale”
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs
Cities are getting larger Suburbs are growing in once dark rural areas Light from all
this new development is increasingly obscuring(使變模糊)the faint(微弱的)light given
off by distant stars And if scientists can’t locate these objects they can’t learn more
about them
Light pollution doesn’t only affect star visibility It can harm wildlife too It's clear that
artificial light can attract animals，making them go off course There’s increasing
evidence，for example，that migrating(遷徙)birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find
their way．says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr．a(chǎn) scientist at Clemson University in South
Carolina. “When light occurs at night，”he says，“it has a very disruptive(破壞性的)
Influence.” Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers high-rises and cables from radio and
television towers Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.