科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 high1 uint17.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Unit 17 Nature (自然界與動物保護)
章節(jié) 第十七單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學(xué)們將通過本單元的閱讀課文“Milu Deer Return To China”, 深刻認識并了解保護野生動物的重要意義。
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會單詞和詞組：at present , nature , common , recently , alive , year by year , greatly , one day , sick
三會單詞和詞組：increase , similar , equipment , disappear , period , research , protect , paint , deer , performance , put on performance , one after another
Ⅱ. 交際英語
目的、意圖、同意和祝愿
1. Why are you making this journey ?
2. We are trying to collect the memory for a wildlife project .
3. We want to do … so that …
4. What is the purpose of your new project ?
5. We want to do … very much .
6. That sounds a great idea .
7. Good luck with your trip !
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
在本單元，同學(xué)們要理解并初步掌握現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的用法。現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)是由“由be的現(xiàn)在式 （am , is , are ） + being + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)是表示“某人或者某事此時正在被……”。如：A teaching building is being built in our school .
【指點迷津】
單元重點詞匯點撥
1. deer鹿
I saw four deer in the forest .
〖點撥〗deer的單復(fù)數(shù)一樣。單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣的名詞還有：sheep , aircraft , police , cattle等。
2. increase增加；繁殖
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world .
The number of tourists has increased . = Tourists have increased in number .
〖點撥〗增加了百分之幾常用介詞by連接。The population of this town increased by five percent last year .
另外，on the increase是“不斷增加，正在增加中”。如：Traffic accidents in cities are on the increase this month .
3.similar類似的
The two of them are similar in character .
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways .
〖點撥〗be similar to與……相似。又如：Gold is similar in colour to brass (銅) 。
4. recently近來
The recently completed , 35-story , four-star hotel is the tallest building in the city .
〖點撥〗recently在句中時，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Have you been very busy recently ?
5. alive活著的；存在的
Who’s the greatest man alive ?
〖點撥〗alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 這些詞都有“活著”之意，它們的用法各不相同。
1）alive 意為“活著”，側(cè)重說明生與死之間的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用來作表語，后置定語或賓補。雖有死的可能，但還活著。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然還活著。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活著的人中沒有人比他更偉大了。(注：此時 alive 含有“在所有活著的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想讓魚活著。
2）living意為“活著”強調(diào)說明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來指人或物，作定語或表語。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的啟蒙老師仍健在。
English is a living language . 英語的活的語言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被認為是當(dāng)代活著的好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示類別，指“活著的人們”。例如：The living must finish the work of those dead . 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。
living 還可用于短語，例如：make a living 謀生。
3）live “活著的”，通常指物，不指人，常用來作定語放名詞的前面。還指“實況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。例如：
a live wire 有電的電線，a live fish 一條活魚。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜歡直播還是錄音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他說他看見過活鯨魚。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通過干……謀生
4）lively 則意為“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語、表語或賓補，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是個活潑的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 這兒一切都生機勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動有趣。
5）life 是名詞作生命可數(shù)，作生活不可數(shù)。其復(fù)數(shù)是 lives 。類似把 -fe 變?yōu)?-ves 的還有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 這些孩子充滿火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 蘇醒過來，live / lead a happy life 過著幸福的生活。
單元詞組思維運用
1. make a trip to到……旅行
They are leaving tomorrow to make a trip to Hangzhou .
注意：“去……旅行”還可以用take a trip , have a trip , go on a trip , make a journey 。
2. collect money for= raise money for 為……籌集資金；為……募捐
These Young Pioneers are trying to collect money for a wildlife protect .
3. put on performances演出
You have put on a fine performance .
The performance put on by the senior class was a dance .
4. at present= for the time being 目前；現(xiàn)在；如今
How many research center are there at present for milu deer in China ?
5. do with處理；對待
What do people plan to do with the milu deer in future ?
注意：do with常與what連接使用，deal with常與how連接使用。
6. too many of太多的
Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared .
注意：so many和too many的順序。too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Too much of such rain will ruin the crop .
7. year by year年復(fù)一年
They liked the cool wet weather there and their number increased year by year .
We should do everything possible to enable the peasants to raise their personal incomes year by year .
注意由“名詞 + by + 名詞”的短語還有：step by step逐步地，two by two兩個兩個地，little by little逐步地。
8. south of = to the south of在……以南
The zoo is three miles south of the city . 動物園在城南三英里處。
Hunan Province lies to the north of Guangdong .
9. one day總有一天；有一天
該詞組可以指過去，也可以指將來。但some day指將來。
One day last summer I made a trip to the country .
You will come to see the importance of English one day (= some day) .
10. in the wild在荒野；在曠野
These animals had to live in the wilds of northwest China .
11. once more = once again再次；重新
The facts showed once more that he was not interested in music .
12. one after another = one after the other = one by one 一個接一個；相繼
The students left the theatre one after another after the play . 13. in the past year在過去的一年中
A lot of work has been done in the past year .
注意：類似的還有，in the past few years在過去的幾年中，in the last few months在過去的幾個月中。出現(xiàn)這樣的短語時，句子常用完成時態(tài)。而in the past (在過去) 卻需要使用過去時。
14. be similar to和……差不多，和……相近
If one thing is very similar to another thing , they look almost the same .
Cameras are similar to the human eye .
15. make a study of對……加以研究
She gave us some advice on how to make a study of teaching methods .
16. set free釋放
The girl set the pretty birds free .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點疑點思路明晰
1. at present ; at the present time ; for the present
〖明晰〗這三個短語近義，都可表示“目前；現(xiàn)在”。第一個中的 present 是名詞，其前不用定冠詞；第二個中的 present 是形容詞 ( 意為“現(xiàn)在的 ) ；第三個中的 present 是名詞，其前要用定冠詞。at present 與 at the present time 通?？苫Q，而 for the present 側(cè)重指“暫時”。如：At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks in China .
We use this tense to show that something is being done at the present time .
For the present we do not need that book , so please go on reading it yourself .
2 . one day ; some day ; the other day
〖明晰〗這三個短語都可表示“某一天”，但用法不同。
( 1 ) one day 可指過去或?qū)淼哪骋惶?，some day 只能指將來的某一天，the other day 指過去 ( 不久前 ) 的某一天。如：
At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again .
You\'ll be an engineer some day .
I met him the other day at the bus station .
( 2 ) 這三個短語通常作狀語用，但 one day 間或能作主語用。如：
One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth .
( 3 ) one day 不能連寫成一個詞。而 some day 有時可連寫成 someday。如：
Someday we may drive cars that are run by electricity .
3 . greatly ; very ; much
〖明晰〗這組副詞都可作“非?！苯猓饕獏^(qū)別是：
( 1 ) greatly 修飾動詞或過去分詞。如：
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased .
( 2 ) very 修飾形容詞和副詞原級，不能修飾動詞和 a - 形容詞。如：
I think he\'s very old .
( 3 ) much 修飾動詞、過去分詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級或高級。如：
We like it very much .
Now it is much easier to make plans for our trips .
當(dāng)修飾過去分詞時，much 有時可與 greatly 互換，但 greatly 的語氣比較強。如：
He was greatly moved .
4. would like的用法
〖明晰〗would like 用以表示說話人委婉的愿望或請求。意為“希望，想要”等。其中 would
( 適用于各種人稱 ) 可以換成 should ( 只限第一人稱 ) 。在口語中，常用其縮略式“ \'d like”。其否定式為“主語 + shouldn\'t/wouldn\'t like + 其它”；其疑問式為“Would + 主語 + like + 其它 ? ”。would like 主要有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) would like +名詞或代詞。
— Would you like some coffee ? 你要些咖啡嗎 ?
— Yes , please . 是的。
— Would you like another cup of tea ? 你還要一杯茶嗎 ?
— No , thanks . 不要了，謝謝。
2) would like + 不定式。
— Would you like to have some rice ? 你要米飯嗎 ?
— Yes , I\'d like to . 是的，我要。
— Would you like to have some more beer ? 你還要些啤酒嗎 ? — No . thanks . I\'ve had enough . 不要了，謝謝。我喝夠了。
— Wound you like to go with me ? 你愿意和我一起去嗎 ?
3) would like + 主語 + 不定式 ( 作賓補 ) 。
— Would you like something to drink now ? 你現(xiàn)在想喝些什么嗎 ?
— I\'d like a glass of beer . 我要一杯啤酒。
4) would like +不定式的完成式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)含有責(zé)備或惋惜的意味。表示過去本該做某事但未能去做。
We\'d like to have helped her . 我們本該幫助她。
You\'d like to have gone there yesterday . 你昨天本該去那里。
5. Where are you travelling to , Gary ? 加里，你們打算到哪里旅行 ?
〖明晰〗該句用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，指按計劃、安排在不久就要發(fā)生的動作，常用在口語中。常見的這類動詞有 come , go , leave , arrive , get , start , travel , work , stay , try , fly , return 等。例如：How are you getting there ? 你們打算怎樣到那里。
6 . Good luck with your trip ! 祝你們旅途好運 !
〖明晰〗Good luck . 是分手道別時的常用祝愿語，意為“祝幸運/平安/順利”，其后常跟介詞 to ( sb . ) 或 with ( sth . ) 。又如：
Good luck with your new job !
Good luck to you !
7 . Until recently , the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to …直到不久以前，世界上僅有的活著的麋鹿屬于……
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) until recently 意為“直到不久以前；直到近”，until 在此相當(dāng)于 till , 其意思是“直到……為止”，可作介詞或連詞，until 在此為介詞。作介詞時，其后常跟表示時間的名詞，也可跟副詞。作連詞時，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。例如：
I taught in No . 58 Middle School of Zhengzhou until 1993 .
Father usually doesn\'t go to bed until very late . 爸爸通常很晚才睡覺。
( 2 ) alive 意為“活著的；在世的”，相當(dāng)于 living 或 live ( adj . 活著的 ) ，它屬于
表語形容詞，即只在句中作表語，不作定語。但 alive 偶爾可以作定語，要放在它修飾的名詞之后。例如：
Who is the greatest man alive in the world now ?
living 和 live 作定語時，需前置。例如：living thing 生物，live chicks 活雞
8 . In fact , there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild . 其實，現(xiàn)在這種麋鹿已經(jīng)相當(dāng)多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) 該句是一個較為復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，主句為…there are so many deer , that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
在這個 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞 deer，本應(yīng)該用 such…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，但因名詞前有 many 修飾而用了 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，此特殊用法需注意。
( 2 ) are being sent 是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式，表示“正在被送往”其中的 being 容易被誤省。又如本課中的其它兩句：
The life of the milu deer is being studied there .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province .
【妙文賞析】
Two Mistakes
For a long time Dr Smith had wanted to get a better job in a certain big modern hospital . He was appointed to a particular position which he wanted , and his wife moved to the house which they were now to live in . The next day some beautiful flowers were sent to them , with a note which said , “ Deepest sympathy (沉痛悼念). ” Naturally , Dr Smith was angrily to receive such an unusual mote , and telephoned the shop which had sent the flowers to find what the note meant . When the owner of the shop heard what had happened , he apologize to Dr Smith for having made the mistake .
“ But what really worried me much more , ” he added , “ is that flowers which ought to have gone to you were sent to a person who had just died , with a card which said , ‘Congratulations on your new position . ’ ”
很久以來，史密斯醫(yī)生一直想在某一家大型的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院找一份比較錫樣的工作，這一天終于盼來了。他被任命為他想干的特殊位置，而他的妻子也搬進了他們現(xiàn)在住的房子。第二天送來一些鮮花，里面夾著一張條子，上面寫著： “ 沉痛悼念 ” 。
接到這樣一張奇特的字條，史密斯醫(yī)生自然很生氣，于是便給鮮花店打電話詢問怎么回事。
當(dāng)?shù)昀习迓犝f發(fā)生的情況時，他忙向史密斯醫(yī)生道歉，說是送錯了。
“ 但真的使我更擔(dān)心的是， ” 他補充道， “ 本應(yīng)該送到你那里的鮮花卻送給了一個剛死的人，鮮花里面夾著一張卡片，上面寫著：‘祝賀你搬遷新居?！?”
【思維體操】
British public libraries were linked by computers . If 1.
your nearest library in London doesn\'t have the book you want 2.
to borrow it , a librarian will go on-line to see whether any of 3.
the other nearby libraries have . If no library has the book in 4.
store , the librarian will search for further , connecting 5.
library in other cities like Manchester . If a copy of the book 6.
has found , arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your 7.
library , and within a day and two , you\'ll be able to check it 8.
out . It\'s also possible for readers to lend books from 9.
university or college libraries even if we are not students . 10.
答案：1. were → are 2. 對 3. 去it 4. has 后加it 5. 去for 6. library → libraries 7. has 后加been 8. 第二個and → or 9. lend → borrow 10. we → you
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
一、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)
〖思維〗1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。
I am/ He / She is/ You / We / They are + being done .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature . 更多的糜鹿正被往一所新建的大天然公園遷移。
2. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的用法。
A . 表示一個正在進行的被動動作即某件事情現(xiàn)在正在被做。例如：
The water is being turned into vapour . 水正在變成蒸汽。
The question is being discussed at the meeting now . 現(xiàn)在會上正在討論這個問題。
B . 表示在現(xiàn)階段進行被動動作，但不一定發(fā)生在說話的這一時刻。例如：
The bridge is being repaired .那座橋正在修復(fù)之中。(可指“正在講話的同時”，也可指“目前”。)
She\'s being taught English . 有人在教她英語。(在說話時，也許根本沒人教她。)
［注］現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)有時可與情態(tài)動詞連用。如：
I know Mark was going to have an interview sometime this afternoon . He may be being interviewed at this very moment . 我知道馬克今天下午什么時候有面試。他此刻也許正在接受面試哩。
練習(xí)：
A . 把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)。
1 . Mr Smith is driving a car .
2 . The teacher is scolding (批評) me .
3 . They are painting the houses .
B . 單項選擇。
4 . — Have you moved into the new house ?
— Not yet . The rooms ____ .
A . are being painted B . are painting C . are painted D . are being painting 5 . I ____ English for five years now .
A . was studying B . have been studying C . studied D . am studying
6 . The blood ____ now .
A . is tested B . is being testing C . is being tested D . has been testing
7 . The new lake ____ in the park , so many workers are working there .
A . is made B . has been being made C . is being making D . is being made
8 . In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving B . is served C . serves D . served
答案：1. A car is being driven by Mr Smith . 2. I am bing scolded by the teacher . 3. The houses are being painted . 4 — 8 ABCDB
二、enough 與高考
Ⅰ . enough 作副詞用時，可修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞。修飾形容詞、副詞時，enough 應(yīng)后置。
Helicopters were sent to rescue them , but it was impossible for them to get close enough .
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped .
You don\'t practise enough at the piano .
I with you\'d write clearly enough for us to read it .
Ⅱ . enough 作形容詞用時，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，習(xí)慣置于名詞之前。
Have you made enough copies ?
I\'ll get enough money to pay for a taxi .
當(dāng) enough 和形容詞一起位于名詞之前時，要注意辨別 enough 的詞性以及對語義的影響。比較：
1 . a) I haven\'t found enough big nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠的大釘子來修碗柜。
b) I haven\'t found big enough nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠大的釘子來修碗柜。
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞，修飾 nails，強調(diào)釘子的數(shù)量。b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 big，強調(diào)釘子的大小。
2 . a) Is there enough hot water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠的熱水讓我洗個澡嗎 ?
b) Is there hot enough water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠熱的水讓我洗個澡嗎 ?
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞。修飾 water , 強調(diào)數(shù)量；b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 hot , 強調(diào)水的溫度。
下面請看 NMET1998 — 11題。
If I had _______ , I\'d visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places .
A . a long enough holiday B . an enough long holiday
C . a holiday enough long D . a long holiday enough
選項A中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 long，強調(diào)程度，符合句意，故是佳句意，故是佳答案。B中的 enough 是形容詞，不能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故不選。選項C、D的語序不對，也不可選。
年級 高一
文件 high1 uint17.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Unit 17 Nature (自然界與動物保護)
章節(jié) 第十七單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學(xué)們將通過本單元的閱讀課文“Milu Deer Return To China”, 深刻認識并了解保護野生動物的重要意義。
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會單詞和詞組：at present , nature , common , recently , alive , year by year , greatly , one day , sick
三會單詞和詞組：increase , similar , equipment , disappear , period , research , protect , paint , deer , performance , put on performance , one after another
Ⅱ. 交際英語
目的、意圖、同意和祝愿
1. Why are you making this journey ?
2. We are trying to collect the memory for a wildlife project .
3. We want to do … so that …
4. What is the purpose of your new project ?
5. We want to do … very much .
6. That sounds a great idea .
7. Good luck with your trip !
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
在本單元，同學(xué)們要理解并初步掌握現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的用法。現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)是由“由be的現(xiàn)在式 （am , is , are ） + being + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)是表示“某人或者某事此時正在被……”。如：A teaching building is being built in our school .
【指點迷津】
單元重點詞匯點撥
1. deer鹿
I saw four deer in the forest .
〖點撥〗deer的單復(fù)數(shù)一樣。單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣的名詞還有：sheep , aircraft , police , cattle等。
2. increase增加；繁殖
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world .
The number of tourists has increased . = Tourists have increased in number .
〖點撥〗增加了百分之幾常用介詞by連接。The population of this town increased by five percent last year .
另外，on the increase是“不斷增加，正在增加中”。如：Traffic accidents in cities are on the increase this month .
3.similar類似的
The two of them are similar in character .
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways .
〖點撥〗be similar to與……相似。又如：Gold is similar in colour to brass (銅) 。
4. recently近來
The recently completed , 35-story , four-star hotel is the tallest building in the city .
〖點撥〗recently在句中時，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Have you been very busy recently ?
5. alive活著的；存在的
Who’s the greatest man alive ?
〖點撥〗alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 這些詞都有“活著”之意，它們的用法各不相同。
1）alive 意為“活著”，側(cè)重說明生與死之間的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用來作表語，后置定語或賓補。雖有死的可能，但還活著。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然還活著。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活著的人中沒有人比他更偉大了。(注：此時 alive 含有“在所有活著的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想讓魚活著。
2）living意為“活著”強調(diào)說明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來指人或物，作定語或表語。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的啟蒙老師仍健在。
English is a living language . 英語的活的語言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被認為是當(dāng)代活著的好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示類別，指“活著的人們”。例如：The living must finish the work of those dead . 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。
living 還可用于短語，例如：make a living 謀生。
3）live “活著的”，通常指物，不指人，常用來作定語放名詞的前面。還指“實況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。例如：
a live wire 有電的電線，a live fish 一條活魚。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜歡直播還是錄音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他說他看見過活鯨魚。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通過干……謀生
4）lively 則意為“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語、表語或賓補，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是個活潑的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 這兒一切都生機勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動有趣。
5）life 是名詞作生命可數(shù)，作生活不可數(shù)。其復(fù)數(shù)是 lives 。類似把 -fe 變?yōu)?-ves 的還有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 這些孩子充滿火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 蘇醒過來，live / lead a happy life 過著幸福的生活。
單元詞組思維運用
1. make a trip to到……旅行
They are leaving tomorrow to make a trip to Hangzhou .
注意：“去……旅行”還可以用take a trip , have a trip , go on a trip , make a journey 。
2. collect money for= raise money for 為……籌集資金；為……募捐
These Young Pioneers are trying to collect money for a wildlife protect .
3. put on performances演出
You have put on a fine performance .
The performance put on by the senior class was a dance .
4. at present= for the time being 目前；現(xiàn)在；如今
How many research center are there at present for milu deer in China ?
5. do with處理；對待
What do people plan to do with the milu deer in future ?
注意：do with常與what連接使用，deal with常與how連接使用。
6. too many of太多的
Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared .
注意：so many和too many的順序。too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Too much of such rain will ruin the crop .
7. year by year年復(fù)一年
They liked the cool wet weather there and their number increased year by year .
We should do everything possible to enable the peasants to raise their personal incomes year by year .
注意由“名詞 + by + 名詞”的短語還有：step by step逐步地，two by two兩個兩個地，little by little逐步地。
8. south of = to the south of在……以南
The zoo is three miles south of the city . 動物園在城南三英里處。
Hunan Province lies to the north of Guangdong .
9. one day總有一天；有一天
該詞組可以指過去，也可以指將來。但some day指將來。
One day last summer I made a trip to the country .
You will come to see the importance of English one day (= some day) .
10. in the wild在荒野；在曠野
These animals had to live in the wilds of northwest China .
11. once more = once again再次；重新
The facts showed once more that he was not interested in music .
12. one after another = one after the other = one by one 一個接一個；相繼
The students left the theatre one after another after the play . 13. in the past year在過去的一年中
A lot of work has been done in the past year .
注意：類似的還有，in the past few years在過去的幾年中，in the last few months在過去的幾個月中。出現(xiàn)這樣的短語時，句子常用完成時態(tài)。而in the past (在過去) 卻需要使用過去時。
14. be similar to和……差不多，和……相近
If one thing is very similar to another thing , they look almost the same .
Cameras are similar to the human eye .
15. make a study of對……加以研究
She gave us some advice on how to make a study of teaching methods .
16. set free釋放
The girl set the pretty birds free .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點疑點思路明晰
1. at present ; at the present time ; for the present
〖明晰〗這三個短語近義，都可表示“目前；現(xiàn)在”。第一個中的 present 是名詞，其前不用定冠詞；第二個中的 present 是形容詞 ( 意為“現(xiàn)在的 ) ；第三個中的 present 是名詞，其前要用定冠詞。at present 與 at the present time 通?？苫Q，而 for the present 側(cè)重指“暫時”。如：At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks in China .
We use this tense to show that something is being done at the present time .
For the present we do not need that book , so please go on reading it yourself .
2 . one day ; some day ; the other day
〖明晰〗這三個短語都可表示“某一天”，但用法不同。
( 1 ) one day 可指過去或?qū)淼哪骋惶?，some day 只能指將來的某一天，the other day 指過去 ( 不久前 ) 的某一天。如：
At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again .
You\'ll be an engineer some day .
I met him the other day at the bus station .
( 2 ) 這三個短語通常作狀語用，但 one day 間或能作主語用。如：
One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth .
( 3 ) one day 不能連寫成一個詞。而 some day 有時可連寫成 someday。如：
Someday we may drive cars that are run by electricity .
3 . greatly ; very ; much
〖明晰〗這組副詞都可作“非?！苯猓饕獏^(qū)別是：
( 1 ) greatly 修飾動詞或過去分詞。如：
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased .
( 2 ) very 修飾形容詞和副詞原級，不能修飾動詞和 a - 形容詞。如：
I think he\'s very old .
( 3 ) much 修飾動詞、過去分詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級或高級。如：
We like it very much .
Now it is much easier to make plans for our trips .
當(dāng)修飾過去分詞時，much 有時可與 greatly 互換，但 greatly 的語氣比較強。如：
He was greatly moved .
4. would like的用法
〖明晰〗would like 用以表示說話人委婉的愿望或請求。意為“希望，想要”等。其中 would
( 適用于各種人稱 ) 可以換成 should ( 只限第一人稱 ) 。在口語中，常用其縮略式“ \'d like”。其否定式為“主語 + shouldn\'t/wouldn\'t like + 其它”；其疑問式為“Would + 主語 + like + 其它 ? ”。would like 主要有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) would like +名詞或代詞。
— Would you like some coffee ? 你要些咖啡嗎 ?
— Yes , please . 是的。
— Would you like another cup of tea ? 你還要一杯茶嗎 ?
— No , thanks . 不要了，謝謝。
2) would like + 不定式。
— Would you like to have some rice ? 你要米飯嗎 ?
— Yes , I\'d like to . 是的，我要。
— Would you like to have some more beer ? 你還要些啤酒嗎 ? — No . thanks . I\'ve had enough . 不要了，謝謝。我喝夠了。
— Wound you like to go with me ? 你愿意和我一起去嗎 ?
3) would like + 主語 + 不定式 ( 作賓補 ) 。
— Would you like something to drink now ? 你現(xiàn)在想喝些什么嗎 ?
— I\'d like a glass of beer . 我要一杯啤酒。
4) would like +不定式的完成式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)含有責(zé)備或惋惜的意味。表示過去本該做某事但未能去做。
We\'d like to have helped her . 我們本該幫助她。
You\'d like to have gone there yesterday . 你昨天本該去那里。
5. Where are you travelling to , Gary ? 加里，你們打算到哪里旅行 ?
〖明晰〗該句用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，指按計劃、安排在不久就要發(fā)生的動作，常用在口語中。常見的這類動詞有 come , go , leave , arrive , get , start , travel , work , stay , try , fly , return 等。例如：How are you getting there ? 你們打算怎樣到那里。
6 . Good luck with your trip ! 祝你們旅途好運 !
〖明晰〗Good luck . 是分手道別時的常用祝愿語，意為“祝幸運/平安/順利”，其后常跟介詞 to ( sb . ) 或 with ( sth . ) 。又如：
Good luck with your new job !
Good luck to you !
7 . Until recently , the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to …直到不久以前，世界上僅有的活著的麋鹿屬于……
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) until recently 意為“直到不久以前；直到近”，until 在此相當(dāng)于 till , 其意思是“直到……為止”，可作介詞或連詞，until 在此為介詞。作介詞時，其后常跟表示時間的名詞，也可跟副詞。作連詞時，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。例如：
I taught in No . 58 Middle School of Zhengzhou until 1993 .
Father usually doesn\'t go to bed until very late . 爸爸通常很晚才睡覺。
( 2 ) alive 意為“活著的；在世的”，相當(dāng)于 living 或 live ( adj . 活著的 ) ，它屬于
表語形容詞，即只在句中作表語，不作定語。但 alive 偶爾可以作定語，要放在它修飾的名詞之后。例如：
Who is the greatest man alive in the world now ?
living 和 live 作定語時，需前置。例如：living thing 生物，live chicks 活雞
8 . In fact , there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild . 其實，現(xiàn)在這種麋鹿已經(jīng)相當(dāng)多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) 該句是一個較為復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，主句為…there are so many deer , that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
在這個 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞 deer，本應(yīng)該用 such…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，但因名詞前有 many 修飾而用了 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，此特殊用法需注意。
( 2 ) are being sent 是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式，表示“正在被送往”其中的 being 容易被誤省。又如本課中的其它兩句：
The life of the milu deer is being studied there .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province .
【妙文賞析】
Two Mistakes
For a long time Dr Smith had wanted to get a better job in a certain big modern hospital . He was appointed to a particular position which he wanted , and his wife moved to the house which they were now to live in . The next day some beautiful flowers were sent to them , with a note which said , “ Deepest sympathy (沉痛悼念). ” Naturally , Dr Smith was angrily to receive such an unusual mote , and telephoned the shop which had sent the flowers to find what the note meant . When the owner of the shop heard what had happened , he apologize to Dr Smith for having made the mistake .
“ But what really worried me much more , ” he added , “ is that flowers which ought to have gone to you were sent to a person who had just died , with a card which said , ‘Congratulations on your new position . ’ ”
很久以來，史密斯醫(yī)生一直想在某一家大型的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院找一份比較錫樣的工作，這一天終于盼來了。他被任命為他想干的特殊位置，而他的妻子也搬進了他們現(xiàn)在住的房子。第二天送來一些鮮花，里面夾著一張條子，上面寫著： “ 沉痛悼念 ” 。
接到這樣一張奇特的字條，史密斯醫(yī)生自然很生氣，于是便給鮮花店打電話詢問怎么回事。
當(dāng)?shù)昀习迓犝f發(fā)生的情況時，他忙向史密斯醫(yī)生道歉，說是送錯了。
“ 但真的使我更擔(dān)心的是， ” 他補充道， “ 本應(yīng)該送到你那里的鮮花卻送給了一個剛死的人，鮮花里面夾著一張卡片，上面寫著：‘祝賀你搬遷新居?！?”
【思維體操】
British public libraries were linked by computers . If 1.
your nearest library in London doesn\'t have the book you want 2.
to borrow it , a librarian will go on-line to see whether any of 3.
the other nearby libraries have . If no library has the book in 4.
store , the librarian will search for further , connecting 5.
library in other cities like Manchester . If a copy of the book 6.
has found , arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your 7.
library , and within a day and two , you\'ll be able to check it 8.
out . It\'s also possible for readers to lend books from 9.
university or college libraries even if we are not students . 10.
答案：1. were → are 2. 對 3. 去it 4. has 后加it 5. 去for 6. library → libraries 7. has 后加been 8. 第二個and → or 9. lend → borrow 10. we → you
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
一、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)
〖思維〗1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。
I am/ He / She is/ You / We / They are + being done .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature . 更多的糜鹿正被往一所新建的大天然公園遷移。
2. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的用法。
A . 表示一個正在進行的被動動作即某件事情現(xiàn)在正在被做。例如：
The water is being turned into vapour . 水正在變成蒸汽。
The question is being discussed at the meeting now . 現(xiàn)在會上正在討論這個問題。
B . 表示在現(xiàn)階段進行被動動作，但不一定發(fā)生在說話的這一時刻。例如：
The bridge is being repaired .那座橋正在修復(fù)之中。(可指“正在講話的同時”，也可指“目前”。)
She\'s being taught English . 有人在教她英語。(在說話時，也許根本沒人教她。)
［注］現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)有時可與情態(tài)動詞連用。如：
I know Mark was going to have an interview sometime this afternoon . He may be being interviewed at this very moment . 我知道馬克今天下午什么時候有面試。他此刻也許正在接受面試哩。
練習(xí)：
A . 把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)。
1 . Mr Smith is driving a car .
2 . The teacher is scolding (批評) me .
3 . They are painting the houses .
B . 單項選擇。
4 . — Have you moved into the new house ?
— Not yet . The rooms ____ .
A . are being painted B . are painting C . are painted D . are being painting 5 . I ____ English for five years now .
A . was studying B . have been studying C . studied D . am studying
6 . The blood ____ now .
A . is tested B . is being testing C . is being tested D . has been testing
7 . The new lake ____ in the park , so many workers are working there .
A . is made B . has been being made C . is being making D . is being made
8 . In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving B . is served C . serves D . served
答案：1. A car is being driven by Mr Smith . 2. I am bing scolded by the teacher . 3. The houses are being painted . 4 — 8 ABCDB
二、enough 與高考
Ⅰ . enough 作副詞用時，可修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞。修飾形容詞、副詞時，enough 應(yīng)后置。
Helicopters were sent to rescue them , but it was impossible for them to get close enough .
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped .
You don\'t practise enough at the piano .
I with you\'d write clearly enough for us to read it .
Ⅱ . enough 作形容詞用時，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，習(xí)慣置于名詞之前。
Have you made enough copies ?
I\'ll get enough money to pay for a taxi .
當(dāng) enough 和形容詞一起位于名詞之前時，要注意辨別 enough 的詞性以及對語義的影響。比較：
1 . a) I haven\'t found enough big nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠的大釘子來修碗柜。
b) I haven\'t found big enough nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠大的釘子來修碗柜。
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞，修飾 nails，強調(diào)釘子的數(shù)量。b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 big，強調(diào)釘子的大小。
2 . a) Is there enough hot water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠的熱水讓我洗個澡嗎 ?
b) Is there hot enough water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠熱的水讓我洗個澡嗎 ?
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞。修飾 water , 強調(diào)數(shù)量；b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 hot , 強調(diào)水的溫度。
下面請看 NMET1998 — 11題。
If I had _______ , I\'d visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places .
A . a long enough holiday B . an enough long holiday
C . a holiday enough long D . a long holiday enough
選項A中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 long，強調(diào)程度，符合句意，故是佳句意，故是佳答案。B中的 enough 是形容詞，不能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故不選。選項C、D的語序不對，也不可選。