高考英語中對動詞語氣這一知識點的考察，比較集中在虛擬語氣上，而往往虛擬語氣又比較難，不少同學(xué)掌握起來也阻力較大，不過，小編提醒大家，不要覺得難就放棄哦~只要掌握了一些基本的規(guī)律，然后舉一反三多加練習(xí)，就可以拿下它了！再說了，有時候?qū)W著學(xué)著突然就茅塞頓開了，所以，千萬不要放棄，要加油哦！
一.概念
語氣有三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.語氣表示說話人對所示的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法。
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞構(gòu)成形式如下表
3.混合時間的虛擬語氣
如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。
1)If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實際上卻沒做”
needn’t have done 表示“過去沒必要作而實際上做了”
5.虛擬語氣中的倒裝句
如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
6.wish 后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣， 表示“可惜…;….就好了; 悔不該…; 但愿…?！?/STRONG>
1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2)I wish I were ten years younger.
3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.
5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.
7.表示命令或建議動詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動詞原形; should 不可用would 來替代; 主句所使用的動詞時態(tài)不限。
8.suggest 為“建議去做…; 命令…”從句用should + do為“ 說明; 暗示”, 從句用過去時或過去完成時。
1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
9.insist “堅持要去做…，堅持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅持表明，堅持說/解釋”， 從句用過去時或過去完成時。
10.虛擬語氣也用于表語從句和主語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。
表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。
11.在主語從句中，當(dāng)從句用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語動詞用需擬語氣形式。
其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型， 或should 省略。