三分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)
分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,現(xiàn)在分詞是在動(dòng)詞后面加.ing,過去分詞是在動(dòng)詞后面加一ed。區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)和已經(jīng)完成。分詞在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可以作定語、表語、狀語。
1.分詞在句中的作用
(1)分詞作定語
That’s an interesting story.這是一個(gè)有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。
作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前,但如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后,如果被修飾的名詞是something,anythin9,everything,nothing等不定代詞,分詞也放在被修飾名詞的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.工人在這次活動(dòng)中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the Car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽車撞傷的小男孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。
There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。
(2)分詞作狀語
Being a student,he likes to heIp others.作為一個(gè)學(xué)生,他喜歡幫助別人。
Told by the teacher,she knew she was right.經(jīng)老師一說,她知道自己是對(duì)的。
真題分析
1.All things__________,the planned trip had to be called off.
A.considered
B.be considered
C.considering
D.having considered
【答案精解】A。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句子兩部分的主語不一致,同時(shí)all things是動(dòng)詞consider的邏輯賓語,因此A為正確答案。
【參考譯文】考慮到所有的因素,原計(jì)劃的旅行不得不取消。
2.__________by the look on her face,she didn’t catch what I meant.
A.Judging
B.Judged
C.Judge
D.Tojudge
【答案精解】A。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。judging by(from):根據(jù)…來判斷。正確答案是A。
【參考譯文】從她臉上的表情判斷,她并沒有聽懂我的意思。
(3)分詞作表語
The story is very interestin9.故事很有趣。
We are interested in computer.我們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)感興趣。
(4)分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
可以跟分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,keep,find,have,get等詞。
I saw him walking in the street.我看見他在街上走。
have后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的,而是由別人做的。
I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。(是別人給我理發(fā))
She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。(別人修理的)
2.分詞的否定形式:not+分詞
Not knowing what to do next,she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么,她停下來等待。
Not having finished the homework,the little girl doesn’t dare to go to sch001.
小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。
3.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之前發(fā)生。
Seeing the teacher is comin9,the students stopped playin9.
看到老師進(jìn)來,學(xué)生們就停止玩耍了。
Coming back home,he lied on bed.回到家后,他就躺在床上。
(2)分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。
Having received a letter,I knew everything is all right.收到信后,我知道一切都好。
Having known that he won the match,he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比賽獲勝,高興地把帽子扔上了天。
4.分詞的被動(dòng)形式
分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
The building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的大樓明年完工。
The school being built will be one of the most beautiful ones.
正在建設(shè)的學(xué)校將是漂亮的學(xué)校之一。