In the early 1950’s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began ， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.
= In the early 1950’s/，historians/ who studied preindustrial Europe/ (which we may define here as Europe/ in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)/ began/， for the first time/ in large numbers/，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population/ than the 2 or 3 percent/ who comprised the political and social elite/：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates/ who had hitherto/ usually filled history books.
#在二十世紀五十年代早期/，史學家們/研究前工業(yè)時代歐洲的/(我們可將其定義為歐洲/這一時期的約自1300至1800)/開始/，首次/很多人/，調(diào)查前工業(yè)時代歐洲人口/超出于百分之二或三的/那些人口(百分之二或三的)構(gòu)成了政治與社會精英/：國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方官/，他們曾經(jīng)充斥于史學著作。